GSM technology, GSM RF optimization, GSM Planning and How GSM Works.
INTRODUCTION Predesign drive test for measurement integration This is at beginning of design when no site has been built or even selected. All test sites are temporary. Drive test is performed mostly for characterization of propagation and fading effects in the channel. The object is to collect field data to optimize and adjust the … Read more
Hata Model is applied for GSM Link Budget,here i write about its formula and Cell Size Estimation. Hata´S Empirical Formula PL = 69.55 +26.6log10fc – 13.82log10hb + (44.9 – 6.55log10hb)log10R – a(hm) -CF Where , fc – Frequency in MHZ hb – Transmitter antenna height hm – Receiver antenna height R – Radius in Km … Read more
Receiver sensitivity is the ability of the receiver to receive signals in the sense that any signal below the sensitivity is considered as noise and is not usable. Receiver sensitivity is given by S = Antenna Noise (dBm) + Receiver Noise Figure (dB) + C/N (dB) S = the receivers sensitivity C/N = Carrier to … Read more
As previously I write about fading effect in GSM here I write about Fade Margin Calculation in GSM. Cell area probability (CAP ) is the percentage of the cell area that has signal strength greater than the receiver sensitivity. CAP is dependent on the radio environment, primarily the standard deviation of the log normal faded … Read more
In GSM System Losses is different type here i write about Losses by Duplexer, Body And Penetration Duplexer Loss A duplexer enables simultaneous transmission and reception of signals on the same antenna. It provides isolation between the transmitted and received signal. Duplexers typically have a insertion loss of 0.5 to 1 dB Body Loss For … Read more
When talk about Practical RF Planning then its also needs to take care about losses and physical losses like Cable,Connector and Combiner at BTS is more important. Cable Loss Two types of cables are used, main cable and jumper cable. Cable losses are given in per 100feet. Jumper cable has more loss than main cable. … Read more
Gain is most important thing in wireless communication and if its passive then it will be very useful here I write about antenna gain and diversity gain definition and its effect. Antenna Gains Mobile Station Antenna Portable mobile phones antennas have typically gain of 0 to 1 dBd. Car mounted antenna has a typical gain … Read more
When we talk about GSM Rf planning then first thing into mind is Link Budget,here i write about why link Budget analysis in GSM Link budget analysis provides: Coverage design thresholds EIRP needed to balance the path Maximum allowable path loss It is important that the uplink and downlink paths be balanced, otherwise not enough … Read more
What is FADING, Its Type and Effect in RF design What is Fading: – Fading is most important thing when you design any RF Design lets understand what is fading and how its effect. The communication between the base station and mobile station in mobile systems is mostly non-LOS. The LOS path between the transmitter … Read more
Definition and Effect of Reflection, Diffraction, Scattering and Multipath Propagation in RF Engineering Reflection Diffraction and Scattering in wireless communication When any new site has been planned then it should be such a way the effect of Reflection, Diffraction, Scattering and Multipath should be Balance. Reflection in wireless communication Reflections Occurs when a wave impinges upon … Read more