As From the Name VLR means Visitor Location Register and HLR means Home Location Register so HLR having all detail of subscriber and VLR having tempor
Read MoreMany people use the terms 4g and 4g interchangeably, but they are not the same. Lets find out the difference…. Features of 4g 4G is the next step
Read MoreGigabit LTE is an important springboard for mobile 5G data connectivity. It contains a number of building blocks for the new network. Gigabit LTE is a
Read MoreLTE Frame Structure The figure below shows the LTE frame structure under Time division mode (TDD) Type 2 and Frequency Division mode (FDD) Type 1.
Read MoreAntenna Gain in LTE Antenna Antenna gain is the ratio of the maximum radiation in a specified direction, a reference antenna in the same direction fo
Read MoreTerms codeword, layer, and precoding have been taken to refer specifically to LTE signals and processing. The figure shows the processing steps to whi
Read MoreWhat is VOLTE:- Volte (voice over lte) refers to voice calls made through a 4G LTE network rather than traditional calls made using csfb (circuit-swit
Read MoreMobile WiMAX frame structure Unlike Fixed WiMAX, which uses OFDM frames, Mobile WiMAX uses OFDMA frames. OFDMA allows multiple users to receive d
Read MoreThe state-of-the-art design of the LTE air interface is characterised by OFDMA (DL) and SC-FDMA (UL) together with MIMO. The downlink modulation is b
Read MoreThe guard period after each rectangular pulse carrying the modulated data symbol is a simple and efficient method to deal with multi-path reception.
Read MoreThe receiver is like in any other radio system the more complicated part. In radio systems and of course also OFDM there are two special points a rece
Read MoreA typical OFDM transmitter is shown on the following figure. To reduce the amount of RF hardware required for OFDM the modulation process is split int
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