As From the Name VLR means Visitor Location Register and HLR means Home Location Register so HLR having all detail of subscriber and VLR having tempor
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Many people use the terms 4g and 4g interchangeably, but they are not the same. Lets find out the difference…. Features of 4g 4G is the next step
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Gigabit LTE is an important springboard for mobile 5G data connectivity. It contains a number of building blocks for the new network. Gigabit LTE is a
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LTE Frame Structure The figure below shows the LTE frame structure under Time division mode (TDD) Type 2 and Frequency Division mode (FDD) Type 1.
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Antenna Gain in LTE Antenna Antenna gain is the ratio of the maximum radiation in a specified direction, a reference antenna in the same direction fo
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Terms codeword, layer, and precoding have been taken to refer specifically to LTE signals and processing. The figure shows the processing steps to whi
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What is VOLTE:- Volte (voice over lte) refers to voice calls made through a 4G LTE network rather than traditional calls made using csfb (circuit-swit
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Mobile WiMAX frame structure Unlike Fixed WiMAX, which uses OFDM frames, Mobile WiMAX uses OFDMA frames. OFDMA allows multiple users to receive d
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The state-of-the-art design of the LTE air interface is characterised by OFDMA (DL) and SC-FDMA (UL) together with MIMO. The downlink modulation is b
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The guard period after each rectangular pulse carrying the modulated data symbol is a simple and efficient method to deal with multi-path reception.
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The receiver is like in any other radio system the more complicated part. In radio systems and of course also OFDM there are two special points a rece
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A typical OFDM transmitter is shown on the following figure. To reduce the amount of RF hardware required for OFDM the modulation process is split int
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