cdma technology optimization
CDMA Handoff Defination,Types and Capacity Handoffs The TIA/EIA Interim Standard, Mobile Station – Base Station Compatibility Standard of Dual- Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System (TIA/EIA/IS-95), states that a CDMA base station shall support three types of handoff processes. Which type of handoff used in cdma? CDMA to CDMA Hard Handoff A CDMA to CDMA … Read more
Radio Protocol Architecture in LTE The EUTRAN radio protocol model specifies the protocols terminated between UE and eNB. The protocol stack follows the standard guidelines for radio protocol architectures (ITU-R M1035) and is thus quite similar to the WCDMA protocol stack of UMTS. The protocol stack defines three layers: the physical layer (layer 1), data … Read more
The CDMA reverse link uses a different coding scheme to transmit data. Unlike the forward link, the reverse link cannot support a pilot channel for synchronous demodulation (since each mobile station would need its own pilot channel). The lack of a pilot channel is partially responsible for the reverse link’s lower capacity than the forward … Read more
The Base Station transmitter signal is, however, the composite of many channels (with a minimum of four). The Pilot channel is unmodulated (Walsh code 0); it consists of only the final spreading sequence (short sequences). The Pilot channel is used by all mobiles linked to a cell as a coherent phase reference and also provides … Read more
OFDMA Principles in LTE Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is a key technology used in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) to efficiently manage the transmission of data over the radio interface. Here’s an explanation of OFDMA principles in LTE: Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM): OFDMA uses FDM to divide the available frequency spectrum into multiple subcarriers. Each … Read more
What is inside PAGING Channel Message in CDMA The paging channel is the heart of a CDMA base station. All of the parameters and signaling necessary for the proper operation of a CDMA cell site are handled by the paging channel. The paging channel supports a number of distinct messages that provide information and send … Read more
How Frame Formats in CDMA Once the analog voice is compressed by one of the vocoder processes, some additional data is added to produce a frame. Each frame in CDMA is 20 milliseconds regardless of the data rate used. This figure shows all of the possible frame configurations for both the 8 kbps and 13 … Read more
WCDMA Network Architecture The Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) network architecture: 1. User Equipment (UE): The UE, often a mobile phone or data card, is the device used by the end-user to access the WCDMA network. 2. UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN): UTRAN is the radio access network in WCDMA, consisting of NodeB … Read more
Purpose of Channelization Code & Scrambling Code in WCDMA Channelization Codes in WCDMA: Channelization codes, also known as Walsh codes, serve a critical purpose in WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) networks. These codes are used for the spreading of user data over a wide frequency band, which is a fundamental principle of CDMA-based systems … Read more
Forward – Reverse Link Advantages – Disadvantages CDMA The forward link advantages include high transmission power, a pilot channel to provide a timing reference as well as a coherent reference to aid in demodulation, the added time diversity of data bit repetition when transmitting at lower voice data rates, and orthogonal code channel. On the … Read more