Beam Forming background for LTE Multiple antennas in LTE may also be used to transmit the same signal appropriately weighted for each antenna element such that the effect is to focus the transmitted beam in the direction of the receiver and away from interference, thereby improving the received SINR. The beam-forming weight vector should increase … Read more
How Spatial Multiplexing Matrix Using Two Antenna Ports in LTE Spatial multiplexing is where multiple independent streams are transmitted across multiple antennas. If the receiver also has multiple antennas, the streams can be separated out using spatial multiplexing. Instead of increasing diversity, multiple antennas in this case are used to increase the data rate or … Read more
What is Basic behind MIMO for LTE MIMO and other transmit spatial diversity scheme is a newer application than receive diversity and has become widely implemented only in the early 2000s. As the signals sent from different transmit antennas interfere with one another, processing is required at both the transmitter and the receiver in order … Read more
To Improve Error Protection and Security of Data the Data is Interleaved and its type is Diagonal let’s check how it works. The diagram below illustrates, in a simplified form, diagonal interleaving applied to a 9.6 kbit/s data channel. The diagram shows a sequence of ‘data blocks’ after the encoding process previously described, all from … Read more
As All Channel Interleaving in GSM but control channel is some different interleaved its interleaving rectangular lets understand how it. The diagram below illustrates, in a simplified form, the principle of rectangular interleaving. This is applied to most control channels. The diagram shows a sequence of ‘control blocks’ after the encoding process. Each block contains … Read more
Interleaving in gsm used in gsm to reduce error and for speech diagonal types interleaving used here I write how speech in gsm interleaving diagonally. The diagram below illustrates, in a simplified form, the principle of the interleaving process applied to a full-rate speech channel. The diagram shows a sequence of ‘speech blocks’ after the … Read more
Definition and works of Interleaving in GSM The Definition of Interleaving is simply encode logical channel for error protection and security.lets understand how interleaving works in gsm. Having encoded, or error protected the logical channel, the next step is to build its bit stream into bursts that can then be transmitted within the TDMA frame structure. … Read more
To protect the logical channels from transmission errors introduced by the radio path, many different coding schemes are used. The diagram below illustrates the coding process for speech, control and data channels; the sequence is very complex. The coding and interleaving schemes depend on the type of logical channel to be encoded. All logical channels … Read more
What is Burst in GSM and Burst Types in GSM The Below a GSM burst. It consists of several different elements. These elements are as below: This is the area in which the speech, data or control information is held. Side effects Guard Period The BTS and MS can only receive the burst and decode … Read more
How 26 and 51 Multiframes in GSM GSM is very complicated when we talk about its rf side and in it very complicated to understand the structure of 26 and 51 Multiframes, here my try to make you understand simply. The 26-frame Traffic Channel Multiframe in GSM The Below Figure shows the time relationship between … Read more