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The air interface is the radio-based communication link between the mobile station and the active base station. LTE air interface supports high data rates. LTE uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for downlink transmission to achieve high peak data rates in high spectrum bandwidth. LTE uses Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for … Read more

The X2 interface is the interface between the eNodeBs. X2 interface protocol stack is described in Figure. X2 Interface performs the following functions: X2-UP (User Plane) X2-CP (Control Plane) LTE X2-UP (User Plane) The LTE X2-UP protocol tunnels end-user packets between the LTE eNodeBs. The tunneling function supports the identification of packets with the tunnels … Read more

S1 interface – A Single Interface between LTE RAN and evolved packet core The S1 interface is the interface between the LTE RAN and evolved packet core. S1 interface protocol stack is described in Figure. S1 performs the following functions: S1-UP (user plane) S1-CP (control plane) LTE S1-UP (user plane) The S1 user plane external … Read more

The control plane includes the application protocol. It also includes the signaling bearers for transporting the application protocol messages. The application protocol is used for setting up bearers in the radio network layer. For example, radio access bearers or radio links. Figure shows “Control plane protocol stack” comprises Radio Resource Control (RRC), Packet Data Convergence … Read more

The user plane includes the data streams and the data bearers for the data streams. The data streams are characterized by one or more frame protocols specified for that interface. Figure shows “User-plane protocol stack” comprise Medium Access Control (MAC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Radio Link Control (RLC) and Physical (PHY) sub layers. Apart … Read more

The LTE related core network evolution is referred to as Evolved Packet Core (EPC). LTE architecture is based on the system architecture evolution (SAE) model defined by the 3G Partnership Project (3GPP). EPC consists of the following network elements: Mobility Management Entity The Mobility Management Entity (MME) is the LTE mobility management and session management … Read more

LTE RAN provides the physical radio link between the User Equipment (UE) and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) network. LTE RAN comprises eNodeBs. The eNodeB contains Transmit Receive Duplex Units (TRDUs) or Remote Radio Heads (RRHs) and communicates with the UEs. The eNodeB supports Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO). The LTE RAN – eNodeB provides: … Read more

LTE – eNodeB, MME and SAE Function in Short Here I write in short about eNodeB functions, Mobile Management Entity (MME) functions and System Architecture Evolution (SAE) functions. LTE (Long-Term Evolution) represents a significant advancement in wireless communication technology, with key components such as the eNodeB (evolved NodeB), MME (Mobility Management Entity), and SAE (System … Read more

Here i write current LTE Features and benefits of LTE in small point note which will short description of LTE technology. Current LTE version features The following are the features of LTE Technology: Spectral efficiency (5 bps/Hz DL, 2.5 bps/Hz UL), user throughput (up to 100 Mbps) in LTE, latency (10 ms UE-eNodeB), cell edge … Read more