We know that we normally have several independent paths from TX to Rx of different lengths, these are affected and delayed differently, Signals that start out together at the transmitter will be separated in time when they reach the receiver Diversity doesn’t work with Line of Sight, This is exploiting Multipath rather than fighting it … Read more
RADIUS Protocol Stack in Wimax The RADIUS protocol stack in WiMAX is a vital authentication and authorization framework, facilitating secure access and management of WiMAX network resources. RADIUS is a protocol that enables a single server to become responsible for all remote access authentication, authorization, and auditing (or accounting) services. RADIUS functions as a client/server … Read more
IMS means IP Multimedia Subsystem is an essential part of the all-IP UMTS architecture and Relevant for WiMAX for the same usage and also for WiMAX to UMTS Interworking. This is part of the WiMAX Forum architecture. IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is a Service Delivery Architecture and standardized architecture to provide Internet Protocol (IP)-based mobile … Read more
IP Multicast Service Models Having Three Multicast Any-Source Multicast (ASM) Source-Filtered Multicast (SFM) and Source-Specific Multicast (SSM) which work as below. Any-Source Multicast (ASM) Destination ‘multicast’ address only defines ‘Group’ membership Will accept from ‘any source’ (unicast) First and oldest model, defined in RFC 1112 Source-Filtered Multicast (SFM) Destination ‘multicast’ address only defines ‘Group’ membership … Read more
When sending the same data to multiple receivers, rather than send multiple copies all the way from sender to all the receivers, just send one copy and duplicate where paths diverge Better bandwidth utilisation Less host/router processing Receivers’ addresses may be unknown A possible thing to use for IPTV over WiMAX. Multicast Advantages Enhanced Efficiency: … Read more
Mobile IP Procedures – Agent Discovery, Registration, Tunneling in Wimax Mobile IP Procedures – Agent Discovery, Registration, Tunneling in Wimax Mobile IP Procedures Having Three Flow. Agent Discovery Registration Tunneling Agent Discovery Agent Discovery is the method by which a mobile node determines whether it is currently connected to its home network or to a … Read more
Here I write in short Advantages and disadvantages of Multicast Forwarding. Multicast Routing is backwards from Unicast Routing Unicast Routing is concerned about where the packet is going or will need to go. Multicast Routing is concerned about where the packet came from or will be coming from. Multicast Routing uses “Reverse Path Forwarding” (RPF) … Read more
If a mobile device moves to a new network and keeps the same IP address, the address will not reflect its new location therefore routers will be unable to route datagram to it correctly (or at all). Alternatively, if a mobile device moves to a new network and gets allocated a new address, already established … Read more
DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server is configured with a range of addresses Host 3 boots up and enters Initialize state It broadcasts a DHCP Discover message Then enters Select state DHCP servers send DHCP offer message Host 3 sends a DHCP request to one of the servers Host 3 enters the Request … Read more
IP Networks use Routers to do the switching based on IP addresses, Layer 3 routing protocols like BGP or OSPF an Ethernet networks use 48 bit MAC addresses Spanning Tree is used to route because users, base stations, routers, etc will all need IP addresses (It is an IP-based system) There are Public (Internet routable) … Read more