Network

Ethernet works by using a protocol called Ethernet protocol, which is part of the IEEE 802.3 standard, to facilitate communication over a local area network (LAN). It divides data into frames, which contain source and destination addresses and error-checking information. These frames are transmitted over physical media like copper or fiber optic cables, ensuring data … Read more

WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access) protocol is a security standard designed to secure wireless computer networks. It provides encryption and authentication mechanisms to protect data transmitted over Wi-Fi networks from unauthorized access. WPA was developed as an improvement over the earlier WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) protocol, which had vulnerabilities that made it susceptible to attacks. Wi-Fi … Read more

TLS (Transport Layer Security) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide secure communication over a computer network. It ensures the privacy and data integrity between two communicating applications, such as a web browser and a server. TLS encrypts the data exchanged, preventing eavesdropping and tampering. It also includes mechanisms for authenticating the communicating parties, often … Read more

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) itself is not tied to any specific programming language. It is a protocol used for transmitting hypermedia documents, such as HTML. Programming languages like Python, JavaScript, Java, Ruby, and others can implement HTTP functionality through libraries or built-in modules that handle HTTP requests and responses. These languages provide APIs and tools … Read more

The SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) process involves establishing a secure connection between a client and a server. It begins with the SSL handshake, where the client and server exchange information to establish a secure communication channel. The client sends a “ClientHello” message, specifying the SSL version, cipher suites, and other settings. The server responds with … Read more

A DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) in networking is a physical or logical subnet that separates an internal local area network (LAN) from untrusted external networks, such as the internet. It adds an additional layer of security by isolating external-facing services, such as web servers, mail servers, and FTP servers, from the internal network. This configuration helps … Read more

The rule of NAT (Network Address Translation) is to modify network address information in IP packet headers while they are in transit across a traffic routing device. This allows multiple devices on a local network to be mapped to a single public IP address, facilitating internet access for all devices without the need for a … Read more

A NAT (Network Address Translation) works by modifying the IP address information in the headers of IP packets as they pass through a router or firewall. This process allows multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address for accessing external networks, such as the internet. When an internal device sends … Read more

A VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a service that creates a secure, encrypted connection over a less secure network, such as the internet. It allows users to send and receive data as if their devices were directly connected to a private network. VPNs are used to enhance privacy and security by hiding the user’s IP … Read more

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) works in conjunction with IP (Internet Protocol) to facilitate communication between devices over a network. TCP relies on IP addresses to identify endpoints in a network. When TCP initiates a connection or sends data, it specifies the IP address of the destination device. Each device in a TCP/IP network has a … Read more