The SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) process involves establishing a secure connection between a client and a server. It begins with the SSL handshake, where the client and server exchange information to establish a secure communication channel. The client sends a “ClientHello” message, specifying the SSL version, cipher suites, and other settings. The server responds with a “ServerHello” message, choosing the SSL version and cipher suite from the client’s list. The server then sends its digital certificate, which the client verifies. Optionally, the server might request the client’s certificate for mutual authentication. Once verified, the client and server generate session keys for encryption. The client sends a “Finished” message, encrypted with the session key, and the server responds similarly. This completes the handshake, and secure data transmission begins.
SSL operation refers to the ongoing process of encrypting and decrypting data transmitted between the client and server after the SSL handshake is complete. During SSL operation, all data sent by the client and server is encrypted using the session keys established during the handshake. This ensures that the data cannot be intercepted or tampered with by unauthorized parties. The encrypted data is transmitted over the network, and the recipient decrypts it using the session key. This process continues for the duration of the session, providing confidentiality and integrity for the communication.
The three types of SSL certificates are Domain Validated (DV), Organization Validated (OV), and Extended Validation (EV) certificates. Domain Validated (DV) certificates provide basic encryption and are issued after verifying that the applicant owns the domain. Organization Validated (OV) certificates offer a higher level of security by verifying the organization’s identity and ownership of the domain. Extended Validation (EV) certificates provide the highest level of trust and security, requiring a thorough verification process of the organization’s legal, physical, and operational existence. EV certificates are indicated by a green address bar in the browser, showing the organization’s name, which helps to enhance user trust.
