Network

In Windows, the network file system primarily used is the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. SMB is the native file sharing protocol developed by Microsoft for sharing files, printers, and other resources between computers running Windows or other compatible operating systems within a network. It supports various versions, with SMB 3.1.1 being the latest as … Read more

SDN, or Software-Defined Networking, simplifies the management and operation of networks by decoupling the network control plane from the forwarding plane. In simpler terms, it allows administrators to manage network traffic from a centralized software application rather than configuring each network device individually. SDN is defined as an approach to networking that separates the control … Read more

An IGMP proxy is used in network environments to manage and optimize multicast traffic flows between different network segments or VLANs. Multicast traffic involves transmitting data packets from one source to multiple recipients simultaneously, which is efficient for applications like video streaming, online gaming, or software updates where the same content needs to be delivered … Read more

CDNs (Content Delivery Networks) can be broadly categorized into two types: public CDNs and private CDNs. Public CDNs are operated by third-party providers and are accessible to multiple users or organizations. They typically offer services on a pay-as-you-go basis and are widely used for delivering web content, streaming media, and other online services globally. The … Read more

LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) works by enabling network devices, such as switches, routers, and endpoints, to discover and exchange information about their identities, capabilities, and neighbors within a local area network (LAN). When a device supports LLDP, it periodically sends out LLDP advertisements known as “LLDPDUs” (Link Layer Discovery Protocol Data Units). These advertisements … Read more

Remote authentication refers to the process of verifying the identity of a user accessing a system or network from a remote location. It ensures that the user is who they claim to be before granting access to resources or services. Remote authentication typically involves the exchange of credentials (such as username and password) over a … Read more

The SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) process involves establishing a secure connection between a client and a server. It begins with the SSL handshake, where the client and server exchange information to establish a secure communication channel. The client sends a “ClientHello” message, specifying the SSL version, cipher suites, and other settings. The server responds with … Read more

A DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) in networking is a physical or logical subnet that separates an internal local area network (LAN) from untrusted external networks, such as the internet. It adds an additional layer of security by isolating external-facing services, such as web servers, mail servers, and FTP servers, from the internal network. This configuration helps … Read more

The rule of NAT (Network Address Translation) is to modify network address information in IP packet headers while they are in transit across a traffic routing device. This allows multiple devices on a local network to be mapped to a single public IP address, facilitating internet access for all devices without the need for a … Read more

A NAT (Network Address Translation) works by modifying the IP address information in the headers of IP packets as they pass through a router or firewall. This process allows multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address for accessing external networks, such as the internet. When an internal device sends … Read more