Network

The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) operates at the link layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack and is crucial for communication within local networks. Here’s how ARP works: ARP resolves the mapping between IP addresses (logical addresses) and MAC addresses (physical addresses) used on Ethernet or other network interfaces. When a device wants to send data … Read more

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) provides a connectionless and unreliable transport mechanism for data transmission across IP networks. Here’s how UDP works: UDP operates at the transport layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack and is used by applications that do not require guaranteed delivery of data or strict ordering of packets. When an application wants to … Read more

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) serves as the foundational suite of protocols that enables communication and data exchange across the Internet. Here’s its role and contributions: TCP/IP plays a crucial role in facilitating reliable and orderly communication between devices connected to the Internet. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is responsible for ensuring reliable data delivery by … Read more

A protocol is a set of rules and conventions that govern how data is transmitted and received over a network. It defines standards for communication between devices, ensuring compatibility and reliability. Protocols specify the format and structure of data packets, the procedures for error detection and correction, and the methods for addressing and routing packets … Read more

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) is a protocol used by email clients to retrieve emails from a mail server. When an email client connects to an IMAP server, it maintains a synchronized view of the server’s mailbox. This allows users to manage their email messages from multiple devices while ensuring that changes (such as read/unread … Read more

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) works by allowing email clients to access and manage emails stored on a remote mail server. When a user connects their email client to an IMAP server, the client synchronizes with the server’s mailbox, downloading headers and message bodies as needed. IMAP supports features like folder management, message flags (read/unread), … Read more

TCP port forwarding involves redirecting TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) traffic from one port on a router or firewall to another port on a different device or server within a private network. It enables external users to access services or applications hosted on devices behind a NAT (Network Address Translation) router, where without port forwarding, these … Read more

SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) works by providing a secure method for transferring files between computers over a network. It uses the SSH (Secure Shell) protocol to establish a secure connection between a client and a server. Unlike FTP (File Transfer Protocol), which is not encrypted by default, SFTP encrypts both commands and data exchanged … Read more

Network policies govern the rules and regulations that define how devices and users access and utilize a computer network. These policies typically encompass guidelines for network security, resource allocation, user access permissions, traffic management, and acceptable use. They are established to ensure efficient network operation, protect against unauthorized access or malicious activities, and maintain compliance … Read more

A routing table is a data structure used by routers to determine where to forward packets of data as they travel through a network. It contains information about various network destinations, including the associated network addresses (IP addresses) and the next hop or outgoing interface through which packets should be forwarded to reach each destination. … Read more