A protocol is a set of rules and conventions that govern how data is transmitted and received over a network. It defines standards for communication between devices, ensuring compatibility and reliability. Protocols specify the format and structure of data packets, the procedures for error detection and correction, and the methods for addressing and routing packets to their destinations.
Each layer of the TCP/IP protocol stack, including IP (Internet Protocol), operates using specific protocols tailored to its function within the network. IP, as the core protocol of the Internet layer, provides the addressing and routing mechanisms necessary for data to traverse networks and reach their intended destinations. It assigns unique IP addresses to devices, manages packet forwarding across routers, and supports the transmission of data packets between different networks. By adhering to standardized protocols, devices can communicate effectively and reliably across diverse network environments, facilitating global connectivity and information exchange.