4G LTE

In Long-Term Evolution (LTE), the channel architecture refers to the organization and allocation of different types of channels used for communication between the User Equipment (UE) and the Evolved NodeB (eNB). LTE employs a flexible and efficient channel architecture to support various services and optimize resource utilization. Here are key components of the channel architecture … Read more

How MAC Protocol Work In LTE? The MAC protocol provides the following services: Logical Channel to Transport channel mapping Scheduling: There is no dedicated channel allocated to a UE. Time and frequency resources are dynamically shared between the users in DL and UL. The scheduler is part of the MAC layer and controls the assignment … Read more

The Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol provides the following services: Segmentation of SDU according to the size Re-Segmentation of PDU Radio Bearer to logical channel mapping Transfer of data in 3 modes: TM Transparent Mode Without retransmission. For real-time service. UM Unacknowledged Mode Without retransmission, but error statistics (BLER) It can be used for the … Read more

State of RRC in LTE RRC uses the following states: RRC_Idle: •The UE is not connected. There is no radio link. •The network knows that the UE is present on the network and is able to reach it in case of incoming call. •The UE switches in idle mode when it is connected and there … Read more

Establishment and Maintenance of the RRC connection in LTE In Long-Term Evolution (LTE), the Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection plays a crucial role in establishing and maintaining the communication link between the User Equipment (UE) and the Evolved NodeB (eNB). The process involves several steps: RRC Connection Establishment: Random Access Procedure: The UE initiates communication … Read more

Radio Resource Connection (RRC) protocol in LTE The Radio Resource Connection (RRC) protocol is implemented in the eNodeB and the UE. In WCDMA, it is implemented in the RNC! RRC is the highest protocol in the control plane on the radio side. The RRC protocol allows: 2 instances (eNodeB and UE) to exchange signaling messages. … Read more

Radio Protocol Stack Overview in LTE In the C-plane, the NAS functional block is used for network attachment, authentication, setting up bearers, and mobility management. All NAS messages are ciphered and integrity protected by the MMEand UE. The radio resource control (RRC) layer in the eNB makes handover decisions based on neighbor cell measurements reported … Read more

Resource Element Group in LTE In Long-Term Evolution (LTE), Resource Element Group (REG) is a fundamental concept related to physical layer resources. It is essentially a grouping of Resource Elements (REs), which are the smallest units of the time-frequency grid in LTE. The REG is used to allocate resources for transmission and reception. Now, let’s … Read more

Resource Block & Physical Resource Block in LTE What is Resource block in lte? :- A resource block is the smallest unit of resources which allocated to a user. The resource block is 1 slot long in time and 180 kHz wide in frequency. Resource Block Multiplex multiple users both in time and frequency, together … Read more

How LTE TDD Subframe Allocations? One of the advantages of using LTE TDD is that it is possible to dynamically change the up and downlink balance and characteristics to meet the load conditions. In order that this can be achieved in an ordered fashion, a total of seven up / downlink configurations have been set … Read more