gsm
Advantages of Intelligent Network (IN) Concept of Intelligent Network: The introduction of new services and access to the GSM service are based on the concept of Intelligent Network (IN). This is because of the independence between: Conventional call processing handled by the exchange, Mobile radio functions handled by a dedicated server. Dialog between these two … Read more
Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) in GSM SDCCH (Stand-alone Dedicated Control Channel) Uplink and Downlink. Used for call setup, authentication, ciphering location update and SMS. SACCH (Slow Associated Control Channel) Downlink and Uplink. Used to transfer signal while MS have ongoing conversation on traffic or while SDCCH is being used. On the forward link, the SACCH … Read more
Handovers are a crucial aspect of LTE networks, as they ensure seamless connectivity as mobile devices move within the network. Types of Handover in LTE What are the different types of handover in LTE? Intra-frequency Handover: Description: Intra-frequency handovers occur when a mobile device moves within the same frequency band and connects to a different … Read more
As From the Name VLR means Visitor Location Register and HLR means Home Location Register so HLR having all detail of subscriber and VLR having temporary details for mainly call processing related. Let’s check in detail HLR and VLR in Function in telecom. Hlr and Vlr in Mobile Communication Home Location Register (HLR) – Main … Read more
How Voice Signal Processing in GSM The radio channel is quite different from the wired channel. First, the radio channel has a distinct time-change characteristic. The radio channel is exposed to the air, so it is vulnerable to the interferences in the air. The signal is influenced by various interferences, multi-path fading and shadow fading, … Read more
Slow and Fast Frequency Hopping in GSM Frequency hopping can be briefly defined as a sequential change of carrier frequency on the radio link between the mobile and the base station. In GSM, one carrier frequency is divided into eight time slots. Each time slot provides one physical channel, which can be assigned to one … Read more
Here I write about GSM RF Optimization Step by Step and how to find KPI degradation and its solution. The RF network optimization process can be categorized by the following steps: Problem analysis Analyzing performance retrieved from tool reports and statistics for the worst performing BSCs and/or Sites Viewing ARQ reports for BSC/Site performance trends … Read more
It is very important when we talk about LTE Planning frequency band selection and Cyclic Prefix planning here I write basic background of it. Frequency Band Selection As many Operators worldwide possess spectrum in various frequency bands, choosing which band to use for LTE is always an important consideration. Parameters that will affect the overall … Read more
Antenna Gain in LTE Antenna Antenna gain is the ratio of the maximum radiation in a specified direction, a reference antenna in the same direction for the same power input. Usually, this increase links for isotropic antenna or dipole in free space half wave when 0° Height above sea level. Null reference (dBi) usually refers … Read more
RF engineering is a trade off between: required radio spectrum (bandwidth), speed of data transmission (bit rates) and complexity of implementation. The pulse form used to modulate complex data symbols to the radio carrier frequency is the major element of this story. Over the years several pulse forms and their associated pulse shaping filters have … Read more