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What is VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) and How tilting antenna

What is VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) and How tilting antenna VSWR means voltage standing wave ratio which everyone knows but why it comes to calculate in Telecom? When BTS transmit any signal (LTE, CDMA, GSM, WCDMA anyone) then in radio wave transmit through cable and reach to antenna so what? Now I give you … Read more

How Forward Error Protection in CDMA

Uses Half-Rate Convolutional Encoder Outputs Two Bits of Encoded Data for Every Input Bit Unlike many digital cellular systems, CDMA provides powerful error correction to all voice data bits. This is desirable in CDMA since the idea is to increase the occupied bandwidth (spread the data). The forward link uses a half-rate convolutional encoder to … Read more