Spread Spectrum Concept

Dsss – Direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS – Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum is a spread spectrum technology in which original data is expand using PN code randomly to reduce noise…

What is 3G? or WCDMA?

3G is new upgraded cdma technology, in simple word its Wide band Code Devision Multiple Access Technology (WCDMA). This is first technology in which video call possible means voice and…

How Interference Diversity in GSM?

Interference is dependent on time, frequency and mobile location. Without frequency hopping, some cell planning margins must be incorporated so that sufficient service quality can still be provided in an…

What is the 3GPP?

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration between groups of telecommunication associations, to make a globally applicable third generation 3G mobile phone system specification within the scope of…

How Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec (AMR) work in GSM ?

Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) codec consists of a family of codecs (source andchannel codecs with different trade-off bit-rates) operating in the GSM FRand HR channels modes The AMR system exploits the…

Basic Work of MSC (Mobile Switching Centre)

Exchange where calls are established, maintained and released Database for all subscribers and their associated features. Communicates with the BSCs on the A interface and with PSTN on fixed line….

Main Characterictics of WCDMA

Support two basic modes: FDD and TDD modes High chip rate (3.84 Mcps) and data rates (up to 2 Mbps) Employs coherent detection on uplink and downlink based on the…