A NIC (Network Interface Card) is a hardware component that allows computers and other devices to connect to a network. It is typically installed inside a computer and provides the physical interface between the computer and the network medium, such as Ethernet cables or wireless signals. NICs contain a network controller or chipset that manages … Read more
SMB (Server Message Block) authentication works by verifying the identity of users or devices attempting to access shared resources on a network. When a client device requests access to a file, printer, or other shared resource hosted on an SMB server, the server initiates an authentication process. The client sends authentication credentials, typically in the … Read more
Server Message Block (SMB) works as a network protocol used for sharing files, printers, and other resources between computers on a network. It operates at the application layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite and facilitates communication between client devices (such as computers running Windows or other operating systems) and SMB servers. SMB allows clients to … Read more
An IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) is a type of routing protocol used to exchange routing information within an autonomous system (AS). It operates within a single administrative domain and is responsible for determining the best paths for routing packets between devices within that domain. IGPs facilitate communication between routers and maintain routing tables that specify … Read more
A virtual private network (VPN) works by creating a secure and encrypted connection, often referred to as a tunnel, between a user’s device and a remote server or network. This connection is established over the public internet or another untrusted network, ensuring that data transmitted between the user’s device and the VPN server remains private … Read more
Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) works by allowing routers within an autonomous system (AS) to exchange routing information and determine the best paths for forwarding packets. IGPs operate within a single administrative domain and are responsible for maintaining routing tables that specify how to reach various network destinations. They use algorithms to calculate routes based on … Read more
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is designed as an exterior gateway protocol used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems (ASes) on the Internet. BGP operates based on a path vector routing algorithm, where routers exchange network reachability information along with a list of AS numbers that the route traverses. This design allows BGP to … Read more
An access control list (ACL) is a set of rules that determine which users or system processes are granted access to objects, as well as what operations are allowed on given objects. Each entry in an ACL specifies a subject and an associated operation permitted for that subject. When a user attempts to access a … Read more
Remote desktop allows users to access and control a computer or device from a remote location using a network connection. To initiate remote control desktop, both the local and remote machines must have compatible software installed, such as Microsoft Remote Desktop, TeamViewer, or VNC (Virtual Network Computing). The process typically involves installing the remote desktop … Read more
RDP, or Remote Desktop Protocol, is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft that enables users to remotely access and control computers running Windows operating systems. RDP works by transmitting graphical user interface (GUI) data, keyboard input, mouse movements, and other peripheral device interactions over a network connection between a client device and a remote desktop … Read more