Cellular DAS stands for “Cellular Distributed Antenna System.” It is a type of in-building wireless communication infrastructure designed to enhance cellular coverage and capacity within large indoor spaces or areas with challenging radio frequency environments. Cellular DAS consists of a network of antennas strategically distributed throughout a building or venue to improve signal strength and … Read more
Beamforming is a signal processing technique used in wireless communication systems to focus the transmission or reception of signals in a specific direction. There are two main types of beamforming: 1. Analog Beamforming: Description: Analog beamforming involves adjusting the phase and amplitude of the signals at the antenna elements using analog components. It is typically … Read more
In telecommunications, handoff, also known as handover, is the process of transferring an ongoing call or data session from one channel or cell to another without interruption. Different types of handoff techniques are employed in various communication systems to ensure seamless mobility. Here are the main types of handoff in telecom: 1. Intra-Cell Handoff (Soft … Read more
In telecommunications, handover, also known as handoff, refers to the process of transferring an ongoing call or data session from one radio frequency channel, cell, or access point to another. The types of handover in telecom can be categorized based on different criteria. Here are the main types: 1. Intra-Cell Handover (Soft Handover): Description: Intra-cell … Read more
In telecommunications, “RAT” commonly refers to “Radio Access Technology.” RAT represents the different technologies or standards used to provide wireless connectivity. Each RAT has its own specifications, protocols, and characteristics. Here are some common types of RAT in telecom: 1. 2G (Second Generation): Description: 2G refers to the second generation of mobile communication technologies. The … Read more
In a GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) network, the SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) plays a crucial role in managing and routing data packets between the mobile devices and the GPRS network. Here’s an overview of the functions performed by an SGSN: 1. Mobility Management: The SGSN is responsible for managing the mobility of mobile … Read more
In GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), multiple access techniques are employed to enable multiple users to share the available radio spectrum efficiently. The primary multiple access technique used in GSM is Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), along with Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA). Here’s a brief overview of these multiple access techniques in GSM: … Read more
The GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) mobile station consists of two main parts: 1. Mobile Equipment (ME): Description: The Mobile Equipment represents the physical device that the user carries, commonly known as the mobile phone or handset. It includes the hardware components necessary for communication, such as the display, keypad, microphone, speaker, and often … Read more
The GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) system architecture comprises various elements that work together to provide mobile communication services. Here are the main elements of the GSM system architecture: 1. Mobile Station (MS): The Mobile Station represents the user equipment and consists of two main components: a. Mobile Equipment (ME): The physical device carried … Read more
In telecommunications, modulation is a crucial technique used to encode information on a carrier signal for efficient transmission. Different modulation techniques are employed based on the specific requirements of the communication system. Here are some commonly used modulation techniques: 1. Amplitude Modulation (AM): Description: In AM, the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in … Read more