Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) works by overwhelming a targeted server, network, or service with a flood of internet traffic. This is typically achieved using multiple compromised devices, often forming a botnet, that simultaneously send a massive amount of requests or data packets to the target. The target becomes overwhelmed and is unable to handle … Read more
An IGMP proxy operates by intercepting IGMP messages between hosts and multicast routers within a network. It functions as an intermediary or proxy agent that facilitates the management of multicast group memberships across different network segments or domains. When an IGMP query is received from a multicast router, the IGMP proxy responds on behalf of … Read more
Network Address Translation (NAT) works by modifying the IP address information in the headers of IP packets while they are in transit across a router or firewall. When a device within a private network sends a packet to a device on the internet, NAT changes the private IP address in the packet to the public … Read more
The IEEE standard for LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) is IEEE 802.1AB. This standard defines the operation and frame format of LLDP, specifying how devices exchange information about their capabilities, configurations, and neighbors on a local area network. It enables network devices to discover and communicate with each other dynamically, facilitating network management, troubleshooting, and … Read more
An intrusion prevention system (IPS) works by actively monitoring network traffic for signs of malicious activity or policy violations. It uses a combination of signature-based detection, which looks for known patterns of attacks, and anomaly-based detection, which identifies deviations from normal behavior. When the IPS detects potentially harmful activity, it can take immediate actions such … Read more
The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) works as a distance-vector routing protocol that utilizes the hop count metric to determine the best path to reach a destination network. RIP routers exchange routing tables with neighboring routers, broadcasting their entire routing table periodically or in response to changes. Each router calculates the shortest path to each network … Read more
The default gateway, also known as the default route, is a critical network configuration setting that specifies the router or gateway device used by a networked device to access destinations outside its own subnet or local network segment. When a device needs to communicate with a destination IP address that is not within its own … Read more
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) serves as the foundational suite of protocols that enables communication and data exchange across the Internet. Here’s its role and contributions: TCP/IP plays a crucial role in facilitating reliable and orderly communication between devices connected to the Internet. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is responsible for ensuring reliable data delivery by … Read more
The subnet mask option in networking refers to a configuration setting that defines the boundaries (or subnet) of a network segment. It is a 32-bit number typically expressed in dotted-decimal notation (e.g., 255.255.255.0) that accompanies an IP address. The subnet mask determines which portion of an IP address identifies the network and which portion identifies … Read more
SCP, or Secure Copy Protocol, is a network protocol used for securely transferring files between a local host and a remote host or between two remote hosts. SCP operates over SSH (Secure Shell) protocol, utilizing encryption to ensure data confidentiality and integrity during file transfers. It combines the capabilities of remote login and file transfer … Read more