Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is designed as an exterior gateway protocol used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems (ASes) on the Internet. BGP operates based on a path vector routing algorithm, where routers exchange network reachability information along with a list of AS numbers that the route traverses. This design allows BGP to … Read more
An access control list (ACL) is a set of rules that determine which users or system processes are granted access to objects, as well as what operations are allowed on given objects. Each entry in an ACL specifies a subject and an associated operation permitted for that subject. When a user attempts to access a … Read more
Remote desktop allows users to access and control a computer or device from a remote location using a network connection. To initiate remote control desktop, both the local and remote machines must have compatible software installed, such as Microsoft Remote Desktop, TeamViewer, or VNC (Virtual Network Computing). The process typically involves installing the remote desktop … Read more
RDP, or Remote Desktop Protocol, is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft that enables users to remotely access and control computers running Windows operating systems. RDP works by transmitting graphical user interface (GUI) data, keyboard input, mouse movements, and other peripheral device interactions over a network connection between a client device and a remote desktop … Read more
A software-defined wireless area network (SD-WAN) is a virtual WAN architecture that allows enterprises to leverage any combination of transport services, including MPLS, LTE, and broadband internet services, to securely connect users to applications. SD-WAN uses a centralized control function to direct traffic across the WAN in a secure and intelligent manner. This improves application … Read more
Software-defined network (SDN) functions by separating the network control plane from the data plane, allowing network administrators to manage network services through abstraction of lower-level functionality. This is achieved through a centralized controller that has a global view of the network. The controller communicates with network devices using protocols such as OpenFlow, enabling dynamic and … Read more
Software-defined WAN (SD-WAN) works by using software to control the connectivity, management, and services between data centers, remote offices, and cloud resources. SD-WAN uses centralized management to route traffic over different transport links such as MPLS, broadband, LTE, and others. It selects the most efficient path for each data flow based on real-time network conditions, … Read more
A network file system (NFS) allows remote computers to access files over a network as if they were local. It operates through a client-server model where the NFS client sends requests to the NFS server to access files or directories. The server processes these requests and grants access based on permissions, allowing clients to read, … Read more
The protocol number of IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) is 2. This number is assigned to IGMP in the IP protocol header to identify and distinguish it from other protocols at the Network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model. IGMP is primarily encapsulated within IP packets, specifically IPv4, and it operates as a part … Read more
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) works by overwhelming a targeted server, network, or service with a flood of internet traffic. This is typically achieved using multiple compromised devices, often forming a botnet, that simultaneously send a massive amount of requests or data packets to the target. The target becomes overwhelmed and is unable to handle … Read more