LTE Possible Dimensioning Concepts LTE network dimensioning involves planning and optimizing various aspects of the network to ensure efficient use of resources and meet performance objectives. Here are some key dimensioning concepts in LTE: Coverage Dimensioning: Cell Size: Determine the coverage area of each cell based on the expected traffic density, terrain, and interference considerations. … Read more
LTE Channel Mapping and UE Categories LTE (Long-Term Evolution) is a wireless communication standard that provides high-speed data transmission for mobile devices. LTE utilizes various channels for communication between the User Equipment (UE), such as smartphones or tablets, and the LTE base station, known as the eNodeB (evolved NodeB). The channel mapping in LTE defines … Read more
LTE Network and Protocol Architecture LTE/SAE network architecture EPC -Evolved Packet Core Base Station control plane and user plane protocol stacks EPC protocol stacks The LTE (Long-Term Evolution) network architecture consists of several key components that work together to provide high-speed wireless communication. Here is an overview of the LTE network and protocol architecture: 1. … Read more
LTE SC-FDMA and LTE Uplink LTE (Long-Term Evolution) utilizes a specific modulation scheme for the uplink known as Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). SC-FDMA is a modulation and access scheme that provides advantages for uplink transmission in LTE networks. Introduction to SC-FDMA and uplink frame structure Marriage of single carrier transmission and FDMA Uplink … Read more
LTE OFDMA and Downlink Frame Structure Details Downlink OFDMA time-frequency multiplexing LTE Spectrum Flexibility and Bandwidth FDD downlink frame structure detailed TDD frame structure LTE (any OFDM/OFDMA) band is made up of multiple small spaced channels and we call each of these small channels as “Sub Carrier”. Space between the chhanel and the next channel … Read more
LTE Parameters and Downlink Modulation LTE (Long-Term Evolution) utilizes various parameters and downlink modulation schemes to optimize data transmission over the wireless network. LTE parameters and frequency bands What is OFDMA? OFDMA multiple access and downlink frame structure OFDMA transmit and receive chains Here are some important parameters and downlink modulation techniques used in LTE: … Read more
A parallel 3GPP R8 project to LTE and SAE is the Evolved High Speed Packet Access, eHSPA, project (also referred to as HSPA+). The proposed eHSPA features represent a logical evolution from today’s HSDPA and HSUPA systems. Roughly speaking, the eHSPA project focuses on three areas: • Optimising HSPA for real-time packet data services, like … Read more
A (rather long) list of general requirements has been set up as guidelines for the standardization work related to the EPC. Some of those are: • 3GPP and non-3GPP access systems shall be supported. • Scalable system architecture and solutions without compromising the system capacity (e.g. by separating CP from UP). • CP response time … Read more
Figure shows the network architecture of the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). The EPC consists of three main nodes: the Mobility Management Entity (MME), the Serving Gateway (SGW) and the Packet Data Network Gateway (PGW). The MME may be co-located with the SGW, and the SGW may be co-located with the PGW. Hence, the standard allows … Read more
The uppermost evolution track shown in Figure is that developed in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), which is currently the dominant standards development group for mobile radio systems and is described in more detail below. Within the 3GPP evolution track, three multiple access technologies are evident: the ‘Second Generation’ GSM/GPRS/EDGE family1 was based on … Read more