Formulated by the European standardization organization 3GPP, the core networkevolves on the basis of GSM/GPRS and can thus be compatible with the existingGSM/GPRS networks. It can be based on the TDM, ATM and IP technologies toevolve towards the all-IP network architecture. Based on the ATM technology, theUTRAN uniformly processes voice and packet services and evolves … Read more
There are different band in different country but most of commonly used band we will discuss here. Main bands : means basic band when 3G commercial launch by Private or public sector. 1920 ~ 1980MHz / 2110 ~ 2170MHz Supplementary bands: different country maybe different as per government selling in auction. 1850 ~ 1910 MHz / 1930 MHz … Read more
How 3G Spectrum Allocation? 3G Spectrum Allocation is different in different country but mainly its all having as per below figure. ITU has allocated 3G Spectrum Allocation 230 MHz frequency for the 3G mobile communication system IMT- 2000: 1885 ~ 2025MHz in the uplink and 2110~ 2200 MHz in the downlink. Of them, the frequency … Read more
In Long-Term Evolution (LTE), the channel architecture refers to the organization and allocation of different types of channels used for communication between the User Equipment (UE) and the Evolved NodeB (eNB). LTE employs a flexible and efficient channel architecture to support various services and optimize resource utilization. Here are key components of the channel architecture … Read more
How MAC Protocol Work In LTE? The MAC protocol provides the following services: Logical Channel to Transport channel mapping Scheduling: There is no dedicated channel allocated to a UE. Time and frequency resources are dynamically shared between the users in DL and UL. The scheduler is part of the MAC layer and controls the assignment … Read more
The Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol provides the following services: Segmentation of SDU according to the size Re-Segmentation of PDU Radio Bearer to logical channel mapping Transfer of data in 3 modes: TM Transparent Mode Without retransmission. For real-time service. UM Unacknowledged Mode Without retransmission, but error statistics (BLER) It can be used for the … Read more
State of RRC in LTE RRC uses the following states: RRC_Idle: •The UE is not connected. There is no radio link. •The network knows that the UE is present on the network and is able to reach it in case of incoming call. •The UE switches in idle mode when it is connected and there … Read more
Establishment and Maintenance of the RRC connection in LTE In Long-Term Evolution (LTE), the Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection plays a crucial role in establishing and maintaining the communication link between the User Equipment (UE) and the Evolved NodeB (eNB). The process involves several steps: RRC Connection Establishment: Random Access Procedure: The UE initiates communication … Read more
Radio Resource Connection (RRC) protocol in LTE The Radio Resource Connection (RRC) protocol is implemented in the eNodeB and the UE. In WCDMA, it is implemented in the RNC! RRC is the highest protocol in the control plane on the radio side. The RRC protocol allows: 2 instances (eNodeB and UE) to exchange signaling messages. … Read more
Radio Protocol Stack Overview in LTE In the C-plane, the NAS functional block is used for network attachment, authentication, setting up bearers, and mobility management. All NAS messages are ciphered and integrity protected by the MMEand UE. The radio resource control (RRC) layer in the eNB makes handover decisions based on neighbor cell measurements reported … Read more