Network

RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) works by enabling a user to remotely access and control a computer or server over a network. Here’s how RDP typically operates: Session Initialization: The RDP client initiates a connection request to the remote computer, typically using the computer’s IP address or hostname. Authentication: The user provides credentials (username and password) … Read more

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) and DNS (Domain Name System) serve different purposes in networking, but both are essential for communication between devices on a network: ARP works at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model and is used to resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses within a local network. When a device … Read more

NFS, or Network File System, is a distributed file system protocol that allows a user on a client computer to access files over a network as if those files were located on the local filesystem. It enables seamless sharing of files and resources between multiple computers in a network. NFS operates on the client-server model, … Read more

NFS, or Network File System, operates on a client-server architecture where one or more NFS servers provide shared access to files and directories over a network. The server makes designated directories available for mounting by NFS clients. When a client mounts an NFS share, it establishes a connection to the server and can then access … Read more

TACACS (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System) is an authentication method used to provide centralized access control for network devices such as routers, switches, and firewalls. It separates the authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) processes, allowing for granular control over who can access which resources. TACACS originally evolved into TACACS+ to address limitations in the original … Read more

IGMP, or Internet Group Management Protocol, is a communications protocol used by hosts and adjacent routers on IP networks to establish and manage multicast group memberships. It is used primarily in IPv4 networks and enables efficient delivery of data to multiple receivers without the need to send multiple copies of the same data. IGMP is … Read more

WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) enhances Wi-Fi security by implementing several key improvements over its predecessor, WPA2. It introduces stronger encryption protocols, such as the Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) protocol, also known as Dragonfly, which replaces the Pre-Shared Key (PSK) method used in WPA2. SAE strengthens protection against offline dictionary attacks and ensures more … Read more

EIGRP, or Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, utilizes the DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm) algorithm to achieve efficient routing in computer networks. DUAL is responsible for calculating the shortest path to each destination network based on metrics like bandwidth and delay. It maintains loop-free routing by quickly reacting to network topology changes and computing alternative routes … Read more

WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) is a security protocol designed to secure wireless networks. It operates by encrypting data transmitted over the Wi-Fi network to prevent unauthorized access and eavesdropping. WPA2 uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm with a 128-bit key for encryption, which is considered highly secure and suitable for protecting sensitive information … Read more

OSPF areas function as logical groupings within an OSPF autonomous system (AS), allowing network administrators to segment large networks into smaller, more manageable units. Each OSPF area maintains its own link-state database (LSDB) and routing table, significantly reducing the complexity of routing computations and the size of routing updates. OSPF routers within the same area … Read more