Network

A wireless controller operates by managing and coordinating multiple wireless access points (APs) within a network infrastructure. It functions as a centralized device that communicates with APs using protocols like Lightweight Access Point Protocol (LWAPP) or Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP). The controller oversees AP configurations, monitors performance metrics such as signal … Read more

The tracert command, also known as traceroute in Unix-like operating systems, is a network diagnostic tool used to trace the route that packets take from the local host to a specified destination IP address or hostname. It works by sending a series of ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Echo Request packets with increasing TTL (Time-to-Live) … Read more

The principle of SD-WAN revolves around leveraging software-defined networking (SDN) principles to enhance the operation and management of wide area networks (WANs). Unlike traditional WANs that rely on hardware-based routers and manual configuration, SD-WAN abstracts network control into centralized software controllers. These controllers manage and orchestrate network traffic, applying policies and making dynamic routing decisions … Read more

A network interface card (NIC) operates as a hardware component that enables a computer or device to connect to a network. It serves as the interface between the device’s internal bus (such as PCI or PCIe) and the network medium, whether wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi). The NIC facilitates communication by converting data from the … Read more

A Content Delivery Network (CDN) is a distributed network of servers strategically located across various geographic locations to deliver web content more efficiently to users. CDN works by caching static content, such as images, videos, scripts, and other files, on these servers. When a user requests content, the CDN delivers it from the nearest server … Read more

Network devices operate by performing specific functions within a network infrastructure to facilitate communication and data exchange between connected devices. These devices include routers, switches, firewalls, and access points, each serving distinct roles. Routers manage traffic between different networks, directing data packets based on destination addresses. Switches forward data within a local network based on … Read more

The SMB (Server Message Block) method is a network communication protocol used primarily by Microsoft Windows-based operating systems for sharing files, printers, and other resources between computers on a network. It enables computers to make requests for services from other computers or servers, such as file access or printer sharing. SMB operates over TCP/IP networks … Read more

SMB (Server Message Block) works by facilitating communication between client devices and servers or other networked devices to access shared resources such as files, printers, and directories. When a client wants to access a resource, it sends an SMB request message over the network specifying the resource’s location and desired action (e.g., read, write, delete). … Read more

A port forwarding application is a software tool or feature used to redirect incoming network traffic from one port on a router or firewall to another port on a different device or server within a private network. It facilitates access to services or applications hosted on devices behind a NAT (Network Address Translation) router, allowing … Read more

WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) enhances Wi-Fi security by implementing several key improvements over its predecessor, WPA2. It introduces stronger encryption protocols, such as the Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) protocol, also known as Dragonfly, which replaces the Pre-Shared Key (PSK) method used in WPA2. SAE strengthens protection against offline dictionary attacks and ensures more … Read more