Network

The subnet mask option in networking refers to a configuration setting that defines the boundaries (or subnet) of a network segment. It is a 32-bit number typically expressed in dotted-decimal notation (e.g., 255.255.255.0) that accompanies an IP address. The subnet mask determines which portion of an IP address identifies the network and which portion identifies … Read more

Subnet masking methods primarily revolve around different techniques for configuring subnet masks to divide IP address space into smaller, manageable subnets within a network. The main methods include: Classful Subnetting: Based on the original class-based IP addressing scheme (Class A, B, and C), where subnet masks are predetermined depending on the class of the IP … Read more

The subnet notation 255.255.255.0 represents a subnet mask in dotted-decimal format, commonly used in IPv4 networking to define the size and boundaries of a subnet. Each octet (segment separated by dots) in the subnet mask specifies eight bits, totaling 32 bits for IPv4 addresses. In this notation: The first three octets (255.255.255) are all set … Read more

SCP, or Secure Copy Protocol, is a network protocol used for securely transferring files between a local host and a remote host or between two remote hosts. SCP operates over SSH (Secure Shell) protocol, utilizing encryption to ensure data confidentiality and integrity during file transfers. It combines the capabilities of remote login and file transfer … Read more

NTPv3 (Network Time Protocol version 3) and NTPv4 (Network Time Protocol version 4) differ primarily in their features, improvements, and capabilities: NTPv3 was an earlier version of the Network Time Protocol, standardized in RFC 1305. It introduced the foundational concepts of time synchronization over networks, defining basic operations such as how clients query time servers … Read more

A subnetwork, or subnet, functions as a logical subdivision of a larger network. It works by using subnet masks to divide a single Class A, B, or C network into smaller, more manageable segments. Each subnet operates as an independent network entity within the larger network infrastructure, allowing for localized control over network traffic, management, … Read more

File system in network security refers to the structure and organization of files and directories within a network environment, managed to ensure confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data. It involves implementing access controls, encryption, auditing, and monitoring mechanisms to protect against unauthorized access and data breaches. File system refers to the method used by an … Read more

SNTP, or Simple Network Time Protocol, is a simplified version of the Network Time Protocol (NTP) designed to provide time synchronization for networked systems with reduced complexity and resource requirements. Here’s how SNTP works: SNTP operates on the client-server model, where client devices (such as computers or network devices) synchronize their clocks with a designated … Read more

Latency increases in a network due to several factors, primarily related to the time it takes for data packets to travel from their source to their destination and back. One reason for latency increase is the physical distance between devices or servers involved in communication. As the distance increases, the time it takes for data … Read more

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) facilitates communication within local networks by mapping IP addresses to MAC addresses. Here’s how ARP works with routers: ARP operates primarily within the local network or subnet. When a device needs to communicate with another device on the same subnet, it uses ARP to resolve the MAC address associated with the … Read more