The Differential Microstrip Impedance conversion calculator computes the single-ended impedance (Z0) and differential impedance (Zd) for a pair of microstrip transmission lines based on their geometry and dielectric constant. It helps engineers design controlled impedance traces on printed circuit boards used in high-speed and RF signal applications. Formulas Z0 = (87 / √(εr + 1.41)) … Read more
The Tee Attenuator conversion calculator determines the resistor values R1 and R2 for a T-type attenuator network based on the required attenuation and characteristic impedance. It helps RF engineers design precise attenuators that reduce signal levels while maintaining impedance matching between connected components. Formulas R1 = Z0 * ( ( 10^(dB/20) – 1 ) / … Read more
The Balanced Attenuator conversion calculator determines the resistor value R1 needed to achieve a specific attenuation level for a given characteristic impedance. It is widely used in RF and microwave circuits to maintain signal balance while reducing signal power. This design is preferred for symmetrical systems where impedance matching and isolation are critical. Formula R1 … Read more
The Parabolic Reflector Antenna conversion calculator determines the gain, beamwidth, and effective aperture of a parabolic dish antenna based on the dish diameter and operating wavelength. It uses a simplified constant π = 3.14 to align with reference calculations. This tool helps engineers design high-gain antennas commonly used in satellite communication, radar, and point-to-point wireless … Read more
The Helical Antenna Design conversion calculator helps determine the main design parameters of a helical antenna, including gain, diameter, beamwidth, and effective aperture, based on the wavelength, number of turns, and spacing between turns. It provides key values for engineers working on antennas used in satellite, space communication, and RF systems that need circular polarization … Read more
The Antenna Downtilt Coverage Radius conversion calculator determines the inner and outer coverage radii of an antenna’s signal area using antenna height, downtilt angle, and vertical beamwidth. It helps engineers design and optimize cell coverage by estimating how far a signal reaches on the ground for given antenna parameters. Formulas Inner Radius = H / … Read more
The Antenna Downtilt Angle conversion calculator determines the tilt angle of an antenna based on the height difference between two antennas and the distance separating them. It helps engineers plan antenna installations to achieve desired coverage, reduce interference, and optimize signal strength across the target area. Formula Downtilt Angle = atan( (Hb – Hr) / … Read more
The Reflection Coefficient to Return Loss conversion calculator converts a reflection coefficient (Γ) into its corresponding return loss (RL) value in decibels. It helps determine how efficiently power is transmitted through an RF line without being reflected back, which is essential for evaluating impedance matching in antennas and transmission systems. Formula RL = -20 * … Read more
The SINAD to ENOB conversion calculator converts Signal-to-Noise and Distortion Ratio (SINAD) expressed in decibels to the Effective Number of Bits (ENOB). It is commonly used to evaluate the performance of Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs). A higher ENOB value indicates better converter accuracy, lower distortion, and improved overall signal fidelity. Formula ENOB = (SINAD – 1.76) … Read more
The Return Loss to Reflection Coefficient conversion calculator converts a given return loss value in decibels (dB) to the corresponding reflection coefficient (Γ). This helps determine the amount of reflected signal caused by impedance mismatch in RF and microwave systems, allowing engineers to evaluate the efficiency of transmission lines, connectors, and antennas. Formula Γ = … Read more