VSWR to Reflection Formula Γ = (VSWR – 1) / (VSWR + 1) Formula Explanation The VSWR to Reflection conversion calculator uses this formula to determine the reflection coefficient (Γ), which indicates how much of a signal is reflected due to impedance mismatch in a transmission line. A perfect match results in Γ = 0, … Read more
Dipole Antenna Length Calculator Formula Total Length (feet) = 468 / fMHz Each Element (feet) = (468 / fMHz) / 2 Formula Explanation The Dipole Antenna Length conversion calculator is used to determine the ideal length of a half-wave dipole antenna based on the frequency of operation. The formula uses a constant value of 468, … Read more
Microstrip Impedance Calculator Formula Z₀ = (60 / √ε_eff) × ln(8H / W_eff + 0.25 × W_eff / H) for W/H ≤ 1 Z₀ = (120π) / [√ε_eff × (W_eff/H + 1.393 + 0.667 × ln(W_eff/H + 1.444))] for W/H ≥ 1 Where the effective permittivity is given by: ε_eff = (ε_r + 1)/2 + … Read more
Microstrip Width Calculator Formula W = (7.48 × h) / exp( Z0 × √(er + 1.41) / 87 ) – 1.25 × t Formula Explanation The Microstrip Width Calculator helps determine the appropriate width (W) of a microstrip trace needed to achieve a desired impedance (Z0). This formula accounts for the dielectric height (h), trace … Read more
Radar Range Calculator Formula R = [(Pt × σ × c² × G²) / ((4π)³ × f0² × Pmin)]^(1/4) Formula Explanation The Radar Range Calculator uses this equation to estimate the maximum range at which a radar system can detect an object. The formula takes into account the transmitted power (Pt), radar cross-section (σ), antenna … Read more