4G LTE

The overlapping zones (number of servers) criteria are used to establish the quality of the RF propagation environment from an interference point of view. The goal of the number of servers‘ criteria is to establish dominance and reduce the waste of network resources and degraded network performance that may occur when multiple servers exist in … Read more

Reference Signal Received Quality RSRQ identifies the quality of the Reference Signal. It is defined as the ratio N×RSRP/(E-UTRA carrier RSSI), where N is the number of RB”s of the E-UTRA carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth. The measurements in the numerator and denominator shall be made over the same set of resource blocks. E-UTRA Carrier Received … Read more

Reference signal received power (RSRP) identifies the signal level of the Reference Signal. It is defined as the linear average over the power contributions of the resource elements that carry cell-specific reference signals within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth. Design KPI for RSRP: 10MHz Channel Bandwidth (700MHz & AWS): -113dBm 5MHz Channel Bandwidth (700MHz & … Read more

Typically, the data rate available at the radio interface is lower than the data rate available on the network interfaces. Thus, when a certain rate data service is higher than the data rate of the LTE radio interface, this leads to buffering in the UE and the eNodeB. This buffer allows the programmer to the … Read more

Here i write about Radio Link Control -RLC in LTE in a simple word. The RLC layer is located between the PDCP ( the “top” layer) layer and MAC layer (the “lower” layer). Communicates with the PDCP layer through a service access point ( SAP ) , and the MAC layer via logical channels. The … Read more

Here i write very small notes about How Seamless Handover in LTE which is very basic and some require techniques for real time data handover in LTE. Seamless handover is applied for user plane radio bearers mapped on RLC unacknowledged mode. These types are usually quite tolerant of losses, but less tolerant of delay (e.g. … Read more

Implement security through encryption (both control plane (RRC) data and user plane data) and integrity protection (for control plane (RRC) data only), it is the responsibility PDCP layer. A PDCP Data PDU counter (known as the “COUNT” into the specifications of LTE) is used as an input to algorithms security. value COUNT is incremented for … Read more

One of the main functions of the PDCP header compression is using Header Compression (ROHC) robust protocol defined by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) . In LTE, header compression is very important because there is no support for transport of voice circuit-switched (CS) domain. Thus in order to provide voice services (PS ) domain Packet … Read more

LTE Layer 2 user plane protocol stack in detail LTE user Layer 2 Protocol stack-the plan is composed of three substrates, as shown in the figure. Packet layer packet data convergence Protocol (PDCP) : this layer processes messages resource control (RRC) in the control plan and packages of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses in the user’s … Read more

PDCP layer performs the following functions: 1. Header compression and decompression plane of the user data; 2. Security features: encryption and deciphering the user plane and control plane data; the protection of the integrity and operation of the plane data; 3. Provide support functions: order to delivery and reorder PDU to the layer above a … Read more