The choice of the best network mode for 5G depends on various factors, including the deployment scenario, spectrum availability, and specific use cases. There are two primary network modes for 5G: Non-Standalone (NSA) and Standalone (SA). Each mode has its advantages and is suitable for different scenarios.
- Non-Standalone (NSA) Mode:
- Description: NSA is an initial deployment mode of 5G that relies on the existing 4G LTE infrastructure for certain functions. The 5G radio access network (RAN) is deployed alongside the 4G Evolved NodeB (eNB), with the 5G core network using the LTE Evolved Packet Core (EPC) for control plane signaling and mobility management.
- Advantages:
- Faster deployment: NSA allows for a quicker rollout of 5G services since it leverages the existing 4G infrastructure.
- Smooth transition: Users can experience improved data rates and performance without a full migration to the 5G core.
- Cost-effective: Operators can upgrade their networks incrementally, reducing initial deployment costs.
- Standalone (SA) Mode:
- Description: SA is a fully independent 5G deployment mode where both the 5G RAN and the 5G core network are implemented. It does not rely on 4G infrastructure for control plane functions, offering a native 5G experience.
- Advantages:
- Full 5G capabilities: SA unlocks the full potential of 5G, providing access to advanced features such as network slicing, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), and improved scalability.
- Future-proof: SA is the long-term vision for 5G, allowing operators to fully capitalize on the capabilities offered by the new 5G core network.
- Enhanced services: SA supports a more extensive range of services and use cases, including those requiring low-latency and high-reliability.
- Considerations for Choosing the Best Mode:
- Deployment Stage: In the early stages of 5G deployment, NSA may be preferred for a faster rollout and cost-effectiveness. As the network matures, operators may transition to SA for a complete 5G experience.
- Spectrum Availability: The availability of spectrum in different frequency bands can influence the choice of network mode. Certain frequency bands may be dedicated to SA deployments, enabling operators to fully harness the benefits of standalone architecture.
- Use Case Requirements: The specific use cases and services targeted by the operator play a crucial role. SA is more suitable for applications that demand the full capabilities of 5G, such as critical IoT services and mission-critical communications.
- Evolution and Standards:
- The transition from NSA to SA is part of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards evolution. As standards continue to evolve, operators may increasingly adopt SA to align with the long-term vision of 5G.
- Network Slicing and Customization:
- SA is essential for realizing the full potential of network slicing, allowing operators to create customized virtualized networks tailored to specific use cases.
In conclusion, the choice between NSA and SA depends on factors such as deployment stage, spectrum availability, and the specific use cases targeted by the operator. While NSA allows for a faster initial deployment, SA provides the full suite of 5G capabilities and is considered the long-term vision for 5G networks.