Fixed Wireless in telecommunications refers to the deployment of wireless communication links between two fixed points, typically for the purpose of providing broadband internet access or point-to-point connectivity. Unlike mobile wireless technologies that support mobile devices in motion, fixed wireless is used to establish stable connections between stationary locations, such as homes, businesses, or network infrastructure components. This technology is versatile and can be employed in various scenarios, offering an alternative to traditional wired solutions.
Key Features of Fixed Wireless in Telecom:
- Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint:
- Fixed wireless systems can be configured as point-to-point, connecting two specific locations directly, or as point-to-multipoint, allowing one central point to communicate with multiple endpoints.
- Broadband Internet Access:
- One of the primary applications of fixed wireless is providing broadband internet access to homes and businesses. This is achieved by establishing a wireless link between a fixed base station and customer premises equipment (CPE) at the user’s location.
- Last-Mile Connectivity:
- Fixed wireless is often used as a last-mile connectivity solution, bridging the gap between the core network infrastructure and end-users. It can be a cost-effective alternative to laying physical cables for the last leg of the network.
- High-Speed Data Transmission:
- Fixed wireless systems can support high-speed data transmission, allowing users to access the internet, stream multimedia content, and engage in online activities with speeds comparable to or exceeding traditional wired broadband services.
- Business Connectivity:
- Fixed wireless is employed for business connectivity, offering reliable and high-capacity links between different office locations or providing dedicated connections for business operations.
- Rural and Remote Areas:
- Fixed wireless is particularly useful in reaching rural and remote areas where laying physical cables may be impractical or cost-prohibitive. It helps bridge the digital divide by providing internet access to underserved regions.
- Scalability:
- Fixed wireless systems are scalable, allowing for the expansion of network coverage by adding additional base stations or access points. This scalability is beneficial for extending service to new areas or accommodating a growing number of users.
- Quick Deployment:
- Compared to laying fiber-optic cables or other wired infrastructure, fixed wireless systems can be deployed relatively quickly. This is advantageous for rapidly providing connectivity in areas with immediate demand.
- Redundancy and Backup:
- Fixed wireless can serve as a redundant or backup connectivity solution for businesses and critical infrastructure. In the event of a wired network failure, fixed wireless links can maintain essential communications.
- Line-of-Sight Considerations:
- The effectiveness of fixed wireless often depends on having a clear line of sight between the transmitter and receiver. Obstructions like buildings or foliage can impact signal quality, making line-of-sight considerations crucial for deployment.
- 5G Fixed Wireless Access (FWA):
- With the advent of 5G technology, Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) using 5G connectivity has gained prominence. 5G FWA offers high speeds and low latency, making it a viable alternative for home broadband services.
In summary, fixed wireless in telecom involves establishing wireless communication links between fixed points for applications such as broadband internet access, business connectivity, and last-mile connectivity. It provides a flexible and scalable solution, particularly in areas where laying physical cables is challenging or economically unfeasible.