GSM operates on various frequency bands globally, ensuring interoperability and compatibility across different regions. The primary GSM frequency bands include:
1. GSM 900:
- Uplink Frequency Range: 890-915 MHz
- Downlink Frequency Range: 935-960 MHz
- Duplex Spacing: 45 MHz
GSM 900 is one of the earliest and widely used frequency bands, especially in Europe, Africa, and parts of Asia.
2. GSM 1800 (DCS 1800):
- Uplink Frequency Range: 1710-1785 MHz
- Downlink Frequency Range: 1805-1880 MHz
- Duplex Spacing: 95 MHz
Also known as DCS 1800 (Digital Cellular System), GSM 1800 is commonly used in Europe, Asia, and Africa.
3. GSM 850:
- Uplink Frequency Range: 824-849 MHz
- Downlink Frequency Range: 869-894 MHz
- Duplex Spacing: 45 MHz
GSM 850 is predominantly used in North America and some parts of South America.
4. GSM 1900 (PCS 1900):
- Uplink Frequency Range: 1850-1910 MHz
- Downlink Frequency Range: 1930-1990 MHz
- Duplex Spacing: 80 MHz
Also known as PCS 1900 (Personal Communications Service), GSM 1900 is utilized in North America and some parts of South America.
5. GSM 450:
- Uplink Frequency Range: 450-470 MHz
- Downlink Frequency Range: 460-480 MHz
- Duplex Spacing: 10 MHz
GSM 450 is used in certain regions where higher frequency bands are not as practical.
It’s important to note that different regions around the world may adopt specific GSM frequency bands based on regulatory and geographical considerations. The use of multiple frequency bands allows GSM networks to accommodate a large number of users and provide extensive coverage across diverse landscapes.