Subnetting serves several purposes in networking, primarily aimed at improving efficiency, scalability, and security within IP networks. By dividing a large network into smaller subnets, administrators can manage IP address allocation more efficiently, reduce broadcast traffic, and optimize network performance. Subnetting also supports hierarchical network designs, allowing organizations to organize and segregate network resources based … Read more
Fiber optic refers to a technology that uses thin strands of glass or plastic fibers to transmit data in the form of light pulses. It is used primarily for its capability to transmit large amounts of data over long distances at very high speeds. Fiber optic cables can carry signals over greater distances without signal … Read more
The purpose of using NFC (Near Field Communication) is to enable short-range wireless communication between electronic devices, typically within a distance of a few centimeters. NFC facilitates convenient and secure interactions between devices, allowing them to exchange data, initiate transactions, and perform various actions with a simple tap or proximity. NFC is used for a … Read more
A gateway protocol is a type of protocol used by routers to facilitate communication between networks that use different network architectures or protocols. It acts as an intermediary that translates data between incompatible networks, ensuring seamless data transmission. Gateway protocols enable routers to exchange routing information and make intelligent forwarding decisions based on network conditions … Read more
A multi-protocol system refers to a technology or architecture that supports multiple communication protocols simultaneously. This capability allows different devices and networks to communicate effectively regardless of the specific protocols they use. In networking, multi-protocol systems are essential for interoperability and ensuring seamless data exchange between heterogeneous environments. They enable devices with different protocol implementations … Read more
TSN in SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) stands for Transmission Sequence Number. It is a 32-bit identifier used to uniquely identify each chunk of data sent by an SCTP endpoint. TSNs are assigned to chunks when they are transmitted and are used to detect and handle out-of-order delivery, retransmissions, and duplicate chunks at the receiver’s … Read more
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) are cryptographic protocols designed to provide secure communication over a computer network, typically between a client (such as a web browser) and a server (such as a web server). They ensure data confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity during transmission, protecting sensitive information from eavesdropping, tampering, or forgery. … Read more
The protocol commonly used for remote login is SSH (Secure Shell). SSH is a cryptographic network protocol that allows secure communication and data transfer over an unsecured network. It provides a secure alternative to traditional remote login methods such as Telnet by encrypting data transmitted between the client and server, preventing eavesdropping and tampering. SSH … Read more
The protocol used by Remote Desktop Gateway (RD Gateway) is typically RPC (Remote Procedure Call) over HTTP or HTTPS. RD Gateway acts as a gateway server that enables authorized remote users to connect to internal network resources such as Remote Desktop (RDP) servers securely over the Internet. It encapsulates RDP traffic within HTTP or HTTPS … Read more
The routing table in networking serves several critical uses. It provides routers and layer 3 switches with a comprehensive list of known network destinations and corresponding paths or next-hop addresses. This information is essential for: Packet forwarding: Routing tables enable routers to determine the optimal path for forwarding data packets from source devices to their … Read more