Network Address Translation (NAT) operates at the Network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model. In this context, NAT is a method used to translate IP addresses between private and public networks. It allows devices with private IP addresses within a local network to communicate with devices on the internet using a … Read more
In cyber security, intrusion refers to unauthorized access or entry into a computer system, network, or data repository by an individual or entity with malicious intent. Intrusions can compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of digital assets, potentially leading to data theft, system damage, or disruption of operations. Intrusions are typically carried out through exploitation … Read more
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a technology that creates a secure and encrypted connection over a less secure network, typically the internet. It allows users to securely access and transmit data between their devices (such as computers, smartphones) and a private network (like a corporate network) as if they were directly connected to that … Read more
Long-term evaluation refers to the assessment and analysis of outcomes, impacts, or effectiveness of a program, project, or intervention over an extended period. It involves tracking and measuring results over months or years to understand sustained effects, identify trends, and determine the long-term viability or success of the initiative. Long-term evaluations provide insights into the … Read more
Near Field Communication (NFC) operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where devices equipped with NFC technology can establish communication by bringing them close together, typically within a few centimeters. The principle behind NFC involves two components: an initiator device that generates a radio frequency (RF) field and a target device that responds to this … Read more
Fidelity in technology refers to the accuracy, reliability, and faithfulness with which a technology or system reproduces or represents the original input or source. It denotes how closely the output or performance matches the intended or expected result without distortion, loss of detail, or deviation from the original specifications. High fidelity in technology ensures that … Read more
NAS, which stands for Network Attached Storage, is known for its role in providing centralized data storage and access for multiple devices within a network. It allows users to store, manage, and share files, documents, media, and other data types across computers, servers, and devices connected to the same network. NAS devices are equipped with … Read more
Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the network of physical devices, vehicles, appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and connectivity which enables them to connect, collect, and exchange data. This creates opportunities for direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems, resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy, and economic benefit. Internet … Read more
In Windows, the network file system primarily used is the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. SMB is the native file sharing protocol developed by Microsoft for sharing files, printers, and other resources between computers running Windows or other compatible operating systems within a network. It supports various versions, with SMB 3.1.1 being the latest as … Read more
SDN, or Software-Defined Networking, simplifies the management and operation of networks by decoupling the network control plane from the forwarding plane. In simpler terms, it allows administrators to manage network traffic from a centralized software application rather than configuring each network device individually. SDN is defined as an approach to networking that separates the control … Read more