Fiber optics operate on the principle of transmitting light through thin strands of glass or plastic fibers. These fibers are designed to carry light over long distances with minimal loss of signal strength. The core of the fiber is surrounded by a cladding layer that reflects light back into the core, enabling the light to … Read more
BGP, or Border Gateway Protocol, is the routing protocol used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems (AS) on the internet. Here’s how BGP internet connectivity works: BGP routers, known as BGP peers or neighbors, establish TCP connections to exchange routing information. Each BGP router advertises routes to networks it can reach, along with … Read more
NFC (Near Field Communication) works by enabling short-range wireless communication between devices that are equipped with NFC chips. It operates on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology and allows devices to exchange data when they are within a close proximity of a few centimeters. NFC devices can either be active (powered) or passive (unpowered). On a … Read more
Routing in MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) involves using labels to forward packets through a network based on predetermined paths rather than examining each packet’s IP header individually at every router. Here’s how routing works in MPLS: MPLS routers assign labels to packets at the ingress router based on forwarding decisions made by traditional routing protocols … Read more
SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) heartbeat mechanism works by allowing SCTP endpoints (hosts) to periodically exchange heartbeat messages to confirm the liveliness and availability of each other. These heartbeat messages are part of SCTP’s association maintenance procedures and help detect if a peer endpoint becomes unreachable due to network failures or host failures. If an … Read more
A server typically consists of several key hardware components and software functionalities designed to fulfill specific tasks within a networked environment. Hardware components commonly found in servers include a central processing unit (CPU) for processing data and instructions, random access memory (RAM) for temporary data storage and fast access, storage devices such as hard disk … Read more
RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft that enables remote access to graphical desktops and applications on a remote server or computer. It allows users to interact with a remote desktop environment as if they were physically present at the remote machine. RDP facilitates secure and efficient remote administration, support, and … Read more
RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) works by enabling a user to remotely access and control a computer or server over a network. Here’s how RDP typically operates: Session Initialization: The RDP client initiates a connection request to the remote computer, typically using the computer’s IP address or hostname. Authentication: The user provides credentials (username and password) … Read more
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) and DNS (Domain Name System) serve different purposes in networking, but both are essential for communication between devices on a network: ARP works at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model and is used to resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses within a local network. When a device … Read more
The main purpose of a server is to provide centralized resources and services to other computers or devices, often over a network. The purpose of this server varies depending on its configuration and setup, but generally, it serves to host and deliver specific applications, data, or services to clients or users. The main goal of … Read more