The principle of SD-WAN revolves around leveraging software-defined networking (SDN) principles to enhance the operation and management of wide area networks (WANs). Unlike traditional WANs that rely on hardware-based routers and manual configuration, SD-WAN abstracts network control into centralized software controllers. These controllers manage and orchestrate network traffic, applying policies and making dynamic routing decisions … Read more
A network interface card (NIC) operates as a hardware component that enables a computer or device to connect to a network. It serves as the interface between the device’s internal bus (such as PCI or PCIe) and the network medium, whether wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi). The NIC facilitates communication by converting data from the … Read more
NFS, or Network File System, is a distributed file system protocol that allows a user on a client computer to access files over a network as if those files were located on the local filesystem. It enables seamless sharing of files and resources between multiple computers in a network. NFS operates on the client-server model, … Read more
NFS, or Network File System, operates on a client-server architecture where one or more NFS servers provide shared access to files and directories over a network. The server makes designated directories available for mounting by NFS clients. When a client mounts an NFS share, it establishes a connection to the server and can then access … Read more
TACACS (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System) is an authentication method used to provide centralized access control for network devices such as routers, switches, and firewalls. It separates the authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) processes, allowing for granular control over who can access which resources. TACACS originally evolved into TACACS+ to address limitations in the original … Read more
IGMP, or Internet Group Management Protocol, is a communications protocol used by hosts and adjacent routers on IP networks to establish and manage multicast group memberships. It is used primarily in IPv4 networks and enables efficient delivery of data to multiple receivers without the need to send multiple copies of the same data. IGMP is … Read more
WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) enhances Wi-Fi security by implementing several key improvements over its predecessor, WPA2. It introduces stronger encryption protocols, such as the Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) protocol, also known as Dragonfly, which replaces the Pre-Shared Key (PSK) method used in WPA2. SAE strengthens protection against offline dictionary attacks and ensures more … Read more
EIGRP, or Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, utilizes the DUAL (Diffusing Update Algorithm) algorithm to achieve efficient routing in computer networks. DUAL is responsible for calculating the shortest path to each destination network based on metrics like bandwidth and delay. It maintains loop-free routing by quickly reacting to network topology changes and computing alternative routes … Read more
WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) is a security protocol designed to secure wireless networks. It operates by encrypting data transmitted over the Wi-Fi network to prevent unauthorized access and eavesdropping. WPA2 uses the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm with a 128-bit key for encryption, which is considered highly secure and suitable for protecting sensitive information … Read more
OSPF areas function as logical groupings within an OSPF autonomous system (AS), allowing network administrators to segment large networks into smaller, more manageable units. Each OSPF area maintains its own link-state database (LSDB) and routing table, significantly reducing the complexity of routing computations and the size of routing updates. OSPF routers within the same area … Read more