The SMB (Server Message Block) method is a network communication protocol used primarily by Microsoft Windows-based operating systems for sharing files, printers, and other resources between computers on a network. It enables computers to make requests for services from other computers or servers, such as file access or printer sharing. SMB operates over TCP/IP networks … Read more
SMB (Server Message Block) works by facilitating communication between client devices and servers or other networked devices to access shared resources such as files, printers, and directories. When a client wants to access a resource, it sends an SMB request message over the network specifying the resource’s location and desired action (e.g., read, write, delete). … Read more
A port forwarding application is a software tool or feature used to redirect incoming network traffic from one port on a router or firewall to another port on a different device or server within a private network. It facilitates access to services or applications hosted on devices behind a NAT (Network Address Translation) router, allowing … Read more
VLAN tagging works by adding identifying markers (tags) to Ethernet frames to indicate which VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) they belong to. This allows switches to distinguish and route traffic between different VLANs on the same physical network infrastructure. When a device sends data on a VLAN-aware switch port, the switch adds a VLAN tag … Read more
Wireshark operates as a powerful network protocol analyzer that captures and displays network traffic in real-time. It allows users to inspect the data packets moving through a network interface, providing detailed information about protocols, packet contents, source and destination addresses, and timing details. Wireshark supports a wide range of protocols and can analyze both live … Read more
Netstat (network statistics) is a command-line tool available in most operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and macOS. It provides information about network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships. Netstat displays active TCP connections, listening ports, and other relevant networking information. By default, it lists all active connections to and from the … Read more
The ping command in IP (Internet Protocol) is used to test the connectivity between two networked devices, typically between a local host and a remote host. When you ping an IP address, your computer sends ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Echo Request packets to the specified IP address. If the remote device is reachable and … Read more
A Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) works by centralizing the management and control of wireless access points (APs) within a network. It acts as a centralized device that manages the configuration, security, and operation of multiple APs, ensuring seamless connectivity and efficient use of wireless resources. The WLC communicates with APs using protocols like Lightweight Access … Read more
A Wi-Fi controller, also known as a Wireless LAN Controller (WLC), works by centralizing the management and coordination of multiple wireless access points (APs) within a network. It serves as a central management device that oversees the configuration, monitoring, and maintenance of APs deployed across an organization’s wireless infrastructure. The Wi-Fi controller communicates with APs … Read more
In traceroute, the three numbers typically refer to the TTL (Time-to-Live) values used in successive ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Echo Request packets sent to trace the route to a destination. TTL is a field in the IP header that specifies the maximum number of router hops (or network segments) that a packet can traverse … Read more