A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) is used to logically segment a single physical network into multiple virtual networks. It allows network administrators to group devices logically, regardless of their physical location, into separate broadcast domains. This segmentation enhances network security, efficiency, and management by isolating traffic within specified VLANs and controlling communication between them. … Read more
Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide secure communication over a computer network. It operates at the transport layer of the OSI model and ensures privacy, data integrity, and authentication between communicating applications. TLS is commonly used to secure data transmitted over the internet, such as web browsing, email communication, file … Read more
Wireless Fidelity, or Wi-Fi, works by using radio waves to transmit data between devices within a local area network (LAN). Wi-Fi operates on the IEEE 802.11 standards, which define the protocols and specifications for wireless networking. Devices such as computers, smartphones, tablets, and IoT devices connect to Wi-Fi networks by communicating with a wireless access … Read more
WAN (Wide Area Network) area coverage refers to the geographical scope over which a WAN extends. Unlike Local Area Networks (LANs) that cover a limited area such as a single building or campus, WANs span large distances and connect multiple LANs across cities, countries, or even continents. The coverage of a WAN can vary significantly … Read more
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are security tools designed to monitor network traffic or system activities for malicious or suspicious behavior. They analyze incoming and outgoing network packets, system logs, and other data sources to identify potential security threats or unauthorized access attempts. Organizations use IDS to enhance their cybersecurity posture by detecting and responding to … Read more
A NIC (Network Interface Card) is a hardware component that allows computers and other devices to connect to a network. It is typically installed inside a computer and provides the physical interface between the computer and the network medium, such as Ethernet cables or wireless signals. NICs contain a network controller or chipset that manages … Read more
SMB (Server Message Block) authentication works by verifying the identity of users or devices attempting to access shared resources on a network. When a client device requests access to a file, printer, or other shared resource hosted on an SMB server, the server initiates an authentication process. The client sends authentication credentials, typically in the … Read more
Server Message Block (SMB) works as a network protocol used for sharing files, printers, and other resources between computers on a network. It operates at the application layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite and facilitates communication between client devices (such as computers running Windows or other operating systems) and SMB servers. SMB allows clients to … Read more
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a transport layer protocol in the Internet Protocol Suite. It provides a simple and connectionless communication service between hosts on a network. UDP sends data packets, called datagrams, without establishing a connection or ensuring delivery confirmation, making it a lightweight and efficient protocol for transmitting data where speed and minimal … Read more
Near Field Communication (NFC) in IoT works by enabling short-range wireless communication between NFC-enabled devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and IoT sensors. NFC operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, allowing devices to exchange data when brought into close proximity (typically within a few centimeters). In IoT applications, NFC can be used for device pairing, … Read more