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Interleaving in gsm used in gsm to reduce error and for speech diagonal types interleaving used here I write how speech in gsm interleaving diagonally. The diagram below illustrates, in a simplified form, the principle of the interleaving process applied to a full-rate speech channel. The diagram shows a sequence of ‘speech blocks’ after the … Read more

Definition and works of Interleaving in GSM The Definition of Interleaving is simply encode logical channel for error protection and security.lets understand how interleaving works in gsm. Having encoded, or error protected the logical channel, the next step is to build its bit stream into bursts that can then be transmitted within the TDMA frame structure. … Read more

To protect the logical channels from transmission errors introduced by the radio path, many different coding schemes are used. The diagram below illustrates the coding process for speech, control and data channels; the sequence is very complex. The coding and interleaving schemes depend on the type of logical channel to be encoded. All logical channels … Read more

What is Burst in GSM and Burst Types in GSM The Below a GSM burst. It consists of several different elements. These elements are as below: This is the area in which the speech, data or control information is held. Side effects Guard Period The BTS and MS can only receive the burst and decode … Read more

How 26 and 51 Multiframes in GSM GSM is very complicated when we talk about its rf side and in it very complicated to understand the structure of 26 and 51 Multiframes, here my try to make you understand simply. The 26-frame Traffic Channel Multiframe in GSM The Below Figure shows the time relationship between … Read more

What is Echo Canceller and why it require in GSM – as from name Echo canceller is nothing but the process to remove duplicate signal or delayed signal, let’s see how it in GSM. An EC is used on the PSTN side of the MSC for all voice circuits. Echo control is required at the … Read more

When we talk about Mobile Business then its worst useful without authentication means to make Network as business all user required to be authenticate lets understand how authentication done in gsm. Authentication Center (AUC) The AUC is a processor system, it performs the “authentication” function. It will normally be co-located with the Home Location Register … Read more

As From the Name VLR means Visitor Location Register and HLR means Home Location Register so HLR having all detail of subscriber and VLR having temporary details for mainly call processing related. Let’s check in detail HLR and VLR in Function in telecom. HLR and VLR definition and function for GSM and LTE in telecom … Read more

Why and How BSIC Planning in GSM Why BSIC Planning in GSM ? Because when tight frequency planning required or we have very limited frequency to plan then to reduce Mobile confusion about cell id BSIC used to identify cell id after BCCH. lets understand How BSIC Planning in GSM? In addition to the assignment of frequency … Read more