Access The LTE Network LTE access network and E-UTRAN, the network comprises a eNodeBs, as shown in Fig. For the normal user traffic (as opposed to transmission), there is no centralized controller in E-UTRAN, thus, E-UTRAN architecture is called flat. The eNodeBs are usually inter-connected together through an interface known as X2, and the EPC … Read more
How Procedures Non-access (NAS) in LTE NAS procedures, especially procedures for managing connections, essentially similar to UMTS. Main change UMTS is that the EPS allows the union of certain procedures to ensure a more rapid establishment of communication and media. MME creates a context of the UE, when the UE is turned on and attaches … Read more
CN (SAE called EPC) is responsible for the overall monitoring of the UE and the establishment media. Main logical nodes of the EPC are: PDN Gateway (P-GW) Serving GateWay (S-GW) Mobility Management Entity (MME) Evolved Serving Mobile Location Centre (E-SMLC) In addition to these nodes, EPC also includes other logical nodes and functions like a … Read more
A Brief notes on LTE Network Architecture The EPS provides a user with an IP connection to PDN for Internet access, as well as to run services, such as VoIP. EPS bearer is usually associated with QoS. Some carriers may be installed to the user, in order to ensure that the various different streams or … Read more
Passive device bi-directional couplers and combiners. Splitters route signals different frequencies that are present on the same supply line into separate lines for each frequency. Adders perform the same function in reverse order. They accumulate signals of different frequencies that are present on separate feed lines on one channel line. They support the nominal impedance of … Read more
The Various steps to control inter-system interference include: 1. external Filters, add the transmitters and receivers 2. Antenna isolation between transmitters and receivers of victims 3. the distance between transmitters and receivers of victims 4. Reduce transmission power 5. Guard band between operators Step 1 is probably the most common technical solutions. This can have … Read more
Management of external interference from all other sites/sectors improves system performance and capacity. Intervention studies are used to examine areas that have significant peripheral interaction problems. Lighting and intervention studies are analysis to determine what sites/sectors of intervention problem (i.e. determining what sites/sectors may be providing too much interference in the field or sites/sectors that … Read more
LTE is designed to operate in environments where there are peripheral interventions. Link performance degrades as the C/I (i.e. Carrier interference ratio) is reduced, however, it may be acceptable in places with zero or negative C/i. every site and sector LTE systems operating on the same channel so that they can receive interference from all … Read more
LTE sites deployed by using 3 sector. Each sector operates on the same carrier frequency. Nomenclature for this reuse pattern is 1 x 3 x 1. This range of frequency reuse represents a number of sites in a template re-use, the number of sectors in each site, and the number of channels on the site. … Read more
What is smart antenna? Smart antennas are antenna arrays with intelligent signal processing algorithms that identify spatial signal signatures, such as the direction of arrival of the signal, and calculate the following beamforming vectors and locate the beam antenna on the mobile / target. Why Need of Invent Smart antenna? At the beginning of wireless networks … Read more