Functions of the cdma2000 Signaling Services Layer The Signaling Services Layer processes all messages exchanged between the mobile and the base station. These messages control such things as call setup and tear down, hand offs, feature activation, system configuration, registration and authentication. In the mobile, the Signaling Services Layer is also responsible for maintaining the … Read more
A mobile will in one of four states after it is powered on. Initialization State In the Initialization State, the mobile tunes to the first preferred RF frequency channel and attempts to decode the Pilot Channel. If a pilot is not found, the mobile tries to decode a pilot on another RF channel or … Read more
UL Allocation (SC-FDMA) in LTE SC-FDMA utilizes single carrier modulation, DFT-spread orthogonal frequency multiplexing, and frequency domain equalization. LTE uses OFDMA on the DL. It allocates DL bandwidth to the user based on resource blocks, rather than individual subcarriers. When the signal is a combination of subcarriers, high amplitude power peaks can occur. The base … Read more
Spectrum efficiency DL : 3-4 timesUL : 2-3 times Frequency Spectrum Scalable bandwidth : 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHzTo cover all frequencies of IMT-2000: 450 MHz to 2.6 GHz Peak data rate DL : > 100Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocationUL : > 50Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocation Latency C-plane : < 100ms to establish U-planeU-plane … Read more
LTE TCP Throughput vs Round Trip Time (RTT) In Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks, the relationship between TCP throughput and Round Trip Time (RTT) is a critical factor influencing the performance of data transmission. Let’s explore the key considerations: TCP Throughput: Definition: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) throughput refers to the rate at which data can be … Read more
LTE Possible Dimensioning Concepts LTE network dimensioning involves planning and optimizing various aspects of the network to ensure efficient use of resources and meet performance objectives. Here are some key dimensioning concepts in LTE: Coverage Dimensioning: Cell Size: Determine the coverage area of each cell based on the expected traffic density, terrain, and interference considerations. … Read more
LTE Channel Mapping and UE Categories LTE (Long-Term Evolution) is a wireless communication standard that provides high-speed data transmission for mobile devices. LTE utilizes various channels for communication between the User Equipment (UE), such as smartphones or tablets, and the LTE base station, known as the eNodeB (evolved NodeB). The channel mapping in LTE defines … Read more
LTE Network and Protocol Architecture LTE/SAE network architecture EPC -Evolved Packet Core Base Station control plane and user plane protocol stacks EPC protocol stacks The LTE (Long-Term Evolution) network architecture consists of several key components that work together to provide high-speed wireless communication. Here is an overview of the LTE network and protocol architecture: 1. … Read more
LTE SC-FDMA and LTE Uplink LTE (Long-Term Evolution) utilizes a specific modulation scheme for the uplink known as Single-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). SC-FDMA is a modulation and access scheme that provides advantages for uplink transmission in LTE networks. Introduction to SC-FDMA and uplink frame structure Marriage of single carrier transmission and FDMA Uplink … Read more
LTE OFDMA and Downlink Frame Structure Details Downlink OFDMA time-frequency multiplexing LTE Spectrum Flexibility and Bandwidth FDD downlink frame structure detailed TDD frame structure LTE (any OFDM/OFDMA) band is made up of multiple small spaced channels and we call each of these small channels as “Sub Carrier”. Space between the chhanel and the next channel … Read more