How Orthogonal Code works in WCDMA? 1.Coding By spreading, each symbol is multiplied with all the chips in the orthogonal sequence assigned to the user. The resulting sequence is processed and is then transmitted over the physical channel along with other spread symbols. In this figure, 4-digit codes are used. The product of the user … Read more
WCDMA Network Architecture The Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) network architecture: WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is a 3G cellular network technology that operates on a wideband frequency and offers high-speed data and voice services. The WCDMA network architecture is based on two main components: the Radio Access Network (RAN) and the Core … Read more
A transmitted signal changes as it travels to the receiver. The effect of these changes is commonly referred to as fading. The fading results from the superimposition of transmitted signals, in which differences in attenuation, delay and phase shift have occurred. Slow fading: In case shadow effect is caused by obstacles, and the receiving signal … Read more
The 850MHz CDMA band is most popularly used all over the world.This band as mentioned in the previous slide works between 824-849MHz Used for the Reverse link communication 869-894MHz Used for the Forward link communication The CDMA band is divided into sub bands as shown above.The Total Band of 25MHz is divided into … Read more
In 2G GSM Technology in forward direction Downlink (GSM BTS to GSM Mobile). There are mainly five Downlink Logical Channel in GSM. Frequency correction channel (FCCH) Synchronous channel (SCH) Broadcast control channel (BCCH) Paging channel (PCH) Access granted channel (AGCH) Frequency correction channel (FCCH) First start with FCCH which full form is frequency correction channel … Read more
Functionally of EPC in LTE EPC ( Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) Functionally the EPC is equivalent to the packet switched domain of the existing 3GPP networks. EPC consist of: –MME (Mobility Management Entity) –SAE GW represents the combination of the two gateways , Serving Gateway(S-GW) and Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW) –Home Subscriber … Read more
What is LTE Requirement ? Peak data rate 100Mbps (DL) and 50Mbps (UL) to 20MHz Throughput increased by 3-4 times and 2-3 times for the downlink to uplink from HSDPA Rel6 (DL=14.4Mbps, to use transmitter sites that have been used in UTRA/GERAN Throughput increased by 3-4 times and 2-3 time UL=5.7Mbps) Spectrum efficiency by continuing … Read more
Less complex modulation. OFDM is a simpler modulation technique that is better suited to deployments that do not require support for mobility. License-exempt bands. Mobile services require licensed spectrum to provide coverage in wide areas. Fixed deployments, however, have often successfully used license-exempt bands in areas where interference levels are acceptable. For this reason, most … Read more
Ooredoo Group of Qatar signed 5 year contracts with Ericsson and Alcatel Lucent both. Alcatel-Lucent France Based will provide full solution of Packet Microwave, IP Routing and Optical networking ( Fiber Network Solution). The agreement is different for both Ericsson and alcatel-lucent. From which Ericson will provide solutions of radio, core and transmission and also … Read more
Two U.S. technology innovators are waging a new battle over the maps that people throughout the world access on their smartphones and other computing devices. For several years, consumers using the hand-held iPhones and iPad tablets sold by the Apple consumer products company have viewed maps supplied by one of the leading search engine … Read more