Advantages of Intelligent Network (IN) Concept of Intelligent Network: The introduction of new services and access to the GSM service are based on the concept of Intelligent Network (IN). This is because of the independence between: Conventional call processing handled by the exchange, Mobile radio functions handled by a dedicated server. Dialog between these two … Read more
Channel Bandwidth 5 MHz Duplex Mode FDD and TDD Downlink RF Channel Structure Direct Spread (DS) Chip Rate 3.84 Mcps Frame Length 10 ms Spreading Modulation Balanced QPSK (downlink) Dual-channel QPSK (uplink) Complex spreading circuit Coherent detection • User dedicated time multiplexed pilot (downlink and uplink) • common pilot in downlink Channel Multiplexing in Downlink … Read more
Support two basic modes: FDD and TDD modes High chip rate (3.84 Mcps) and data rates (up to 2 Mbps) Employs coherent detection on uplink and downlink based on the use of pilot symbols Inter-cell asynchronous operation Fast adaptive power control in the downlink based on SIR Provision of multirate services Packet data Seamless inter-frequency … Read more
E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) E-UTRAN, or Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network, is the radio access network component of the LTE (Long-Term Evolution) architecture. It plays a central role in providing high-speed wireless communication for mobile devices. Here’s a brief summary of E-UTRAN: Evolved NodeB (eNB): The fundamental building block of E-UTRAN … Read more
The initial range is the process of estimating the distance or propagation time between a transmitter and a receiver. Area information can be used to assist in setting operating parameters for the transmitter and receiver. Since each MS has a unique distance from the base station, it is critical in the uplink to synchronize the … Read more
OFDMA is essentially a hybrid of FDMA and TDMA: Users are dynamically assigned subcarriers (FDMA) in different time slots (TDMA) . The advantages of OFDMA start with the advantages of single-user OFDM in terms of robust multipath suppression and frequency diversity. In addition, OFDMA is a flexible multiple-access technique that can accommodate many users with … Read more
The Difference Between Line Of Sight and Non-Line Of Sight Line of Sight (LOS): In LOS communication, there is a direct, unobstructed path between the transmitter and receiver. This type of communication is typically more reliable and offers higher data transfer rates because there are minimal obstacles in the signal’s path. LOS is commonly used … Read more
Fixed WiMAX offers cost effective point to point and point to multipoint solutions. What makes WiMAX so exciting is the broad range of applications it makes possible but not limited to broadband internet access, T1/E1 substitute for businesses, voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) as telephone company substitute, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) as cable TV substitute, … Read more
How does WiMAX compare with the existing and emerging capabilities of 3G and Wi-Fi? The throughput capabilities of WiMAX depend on the channel bandwidth used. Unlike 3G systems, which have a fixed channel bandwidth, WiMAX defines a selectable channel bandwidth from 1.25MHz to 20MHz, which allows for a very flexible deployment. When deployed using the … Read more
Naturally, the first application for which a wireless alternative was developed and deployed was voice telephony. These systems, called wireless local-loop (WLL), were quite successful in developing countries such as China, India, Indonesia, Brazil, and Russia, whose high demand for basic telephone services could not be served using existing infrastructure. In fact, WLL systems based … Read more