The connection between the User Equipment (UE) and the eNodeB (Evolved Node B) that carries user data in LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and 4G networks is called the “Bearer.” Bearers are established to enable the transmission of user data, such as internet traffic, voice calls, or other application data, between the UE and the eNodeB within … Read more
Which is better AAC or SBC? Comparing AAC and SBC Codecs When it comes to audio quality, AAC and SBC are two commonly used codecs, each with its strengths and weaknesses. Let’s explore the differences between AAC and SBC and determine which one offers superior audio quality. AAC Codec AAC, or Advanced Audio Coding, is … Read more
What is Advanced Audio Coding used for? Understanding Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) is a digital audio file format commonly used for storing and compressing audio data. It has gained widespread popularity for its efficient compression, which allows for better audio quality and smaller file sizes compared to its predecessor, MP3. AAC … Read more
What is the difference between authentication and authorization in Cisco AAA? Authentication and authorization are two essential components of the Cisco AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) security framework. While both processes contribute to network security, they serve distinct purposes in granting access and controlling permissions. Authentication is the process of verifying the identity of a user. … Read more
What is the AAA authentication process? When you’re managing network access, understanding the AAA authentication process is essential. This is the very first layer of defense that ensures only legitimate users make it through the gate. As we explored earlier in our post about the full AAA framework, the authentication step is where you confirm … Read more
What is AAA authentication, authorization, and accounting? Let me walk you through AAA, because when you’re managing access to a network, you need to make sure every user is verified, permitted, and monitored properly. AAA stands for Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting. These three steps work together to secure the network, and you use them all … Read more
What protocols are used in LTE architecture? Let me show you how LTE uses specific protocols to handle everything from setting up connections to securing data. When you’re working with LTE, you don’t just need the names—you need to clearly see how each one fits into the system and supports what you’re trying to do. … Read more
What is Cyclic prefix in LTE ? The guard period after each rectangular pulse carrying the modulated data symbol is a simple and efficient method to deal with multi-path reception. The cyclic prefix (CP) simply consists of the last part of the following symbol. The size of the cyclic prefix field depends on the system … Read more
OFDM Receiver and How it work for LTE? The receiver is like in any other radio system the more complicated part. In radio systems and of course also OFDM there are two special points a receiver has to pay attention to: time/phase and frequency synchronization. Both are crucial for the performance of the receiver. A … Read more
OFDM implementation in Detail A typical OFDM transmitter is shown on the following figure. To reduce the amount of RF hardware required for OFDM the modulation process is split into two parts. A first part uses the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) or one of its more efficient but equivalent implementations known as Inverse Fast … Read more