An intrusion prevention system (IPS) works by actively monitoring network traffic in real-time to detect and block malicious activities and security threats. It analyzes incoming and outgoing packets, comparing them against a database of known attack signatures and predefined rules. When the IPS identifies a packet or stream of packets that matches a signature or … Read more
An intrusion detection system (IDS) works by monitoring network traffic or system activities for signs of unauthorized access, malicious activities, or policy violations. It analyzes incoming and outgoing packets, system logs, and other sources of information to identify suspicious patterns or anomalies that may indicate a security breach. IDS uses various detection methods, including signature-based … Read more
Traceroute finds a path to a remote host by leveraging the Time-to-Live (TTL) field in IP packets and the ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Echo Request and Echo Reply messages. When a traceroute command is initiated with a destination IP address or hostname, the traceroute program starts by sending ICMP Echo Request packets to the … Read more
TLS (Transport Layer Security) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide secure communication over a computer network. It succeeds and is based on the earlier SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) protocol, aiming to enhance security, improve efficiency, and address vulnerabilities found in SSL. TLS operates at the transport layer of the OSI model, securing communication channels … Read more
Port mirroring, also known as SPAN (Switched Port Analyzer), is a network monitoring technique that involves forwarding copies of network packets from one switch port (or multiple ports) to another port that is connected to a monitoring device. This allows the monitoring device to analyze the traffic passing through the mirrored ports without affecting normal … Read more
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) works by enabling routers in different autonomous systems (ASes) to exchange routing and reachability information. It operates based on a path vector algorithm, where BGP routers advertise the network paths they can reach along with attributes such as AS path, next hop information, and route preferences. BGP routers maintain a table … Read more
TLS (Transport Layer Security) is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide secure communication over a computer network. It succeeds and is based on the earlier SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) protocol, aiming to enhance security, improve efficiency, and address vulnerabilities found in SSL. TLS operates at the transport layer of the OSI model, securing communication channels … Read more
VPN, or Virtual Private Network, is used to create a secure and encrypted connection over a less secure network, such as the internet. It enables users to securely access and transmit data between their devices and a private network, even when connecting through public or untrusted networks. VPNs are commonly used by individuals and organizations … Read more
A Zero Trust network operates on the principle of not automatically trusting any user or device, whether inside or outside the network perimeter. Instead of assuming trust based on location (like being inside the corporate network), Zero Trust continuously verifies and authenticates identities and devices before granting access to resources. It achieves this by implementing … Read more
A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, works by creating a secure and encrypted connection, often referred to as a tunnel, between your device (such as a computer, smartphone, or tablet) and a remote server operated by the VPN service provider. This encrypted tunnel ensures that all data transmitted between your device and the VPN server … Read more