Bluetooth works by enabling short-range wireless communication between devices. It uses radio waves within the 2.4 GHz frequency band to create a personal area network (PAN) where devices can communicate wirelessly without requiring a direct line of sight. Bluetooth devices establish connections automatically or through user-initiated pairing processes, allowing them to exchange data, such as … Read more
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and how web servers and browsers respond to various commands. HTTP operates over TCP/IP, typically using port 80 for unencrypted connections and port 443 for encrypted connections (HTTPS). It enables clients … Read more
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) works by adding a label (or tag) to data packets, allowing routers to make forwarding decisions based on these labels rather than IP addresses. This label acts as a virtual circuit identifier, enabling routers to establish predetermined paths (label-switched paths, LSPs) through the network. MPLS operates between Layer 2 (Data Link … Read more
The normal operation of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) ensures a loop-free topology in Ethernet networks. STP identifies and blocks redundant paths that could cause network loops, allowing only one active path between network devices. It dynamically adjusts to network topology changes by re-calculating the tree and updating the status of ports to maintain network stability … Read more
A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, is a technology that establishes a secure and encrypted connection between a user’s device (such as a computer, smartphone, or tablet) and a remote server or network. This connection is typically made over the internet, allowing users to access resources and transmit data securely as if they were directly … Read more
Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is a type of artificial neural network where connections between nodes form a directed graph along a temporal sequence. This allows it to exhibit temporal dynamic behavior, making it suitable for tasks that involve sequential data. In neural networks, RNN refers to a class of models designed to recognize patterns in … Read more
VLAN, or Virtual Local Area Network, is a technique used in computer networking to logically segment a single physical network into multiple distinct virtual networks. This segmentation allows administrators to group devices into separate broadcast domains, even if they are connected to the same physical switch. VLANs improve network performance, security, and management by isolating … Read more
Network address translation (NAT) in DNS refers to the process of translating IP addresses between different networks. It allows multiple devices within a local network to share a single public IP address. When a device from the local network communicates with external servers or devices over the internet, NAT dynamically assigns a unique port number … Read more
Powerline networks utilize the existing electrical wiring in buildings to transmit data signals. Devices called powerline adapters plug into standard electrical outlets, converting data from Ethernet cables into signals that can travel through the electrical wiring. Other powerline adapters elsewhere in the building receive these signals and convert them back into Ethernet data, allowing devices … Read more
The cloud native method focuses on developing applications specifically for cloud environments, utilizing microservices architecture and containerization. This method emphasizes scalability, resilience, and flexibility, leveraging cloud-native technologies to optimize performance and resource utilization. The cloud native approach involves building and running applications that utilize cloud computing principles, such as containerization, orchestration, and automation. It aims … Read more