Assessing the current environment is the first step in cloud migration. This involves understanding existing infrastructure, applications, and dependencies to determine suitability for migration. Planning the migration strategy comes next. This includes selecting the appropriate cloud service model (IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS) and cloud provider, as well as outlining a detailed migration plan with timelines … Read more
Traceroute works by leveraging the TTL (Time-to-Live) field in IP packets and ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) messages to map the network path from a source to a destination. When traceroute is executed with a destination IP address or hostname, it begins by sending ICMP Echo Request packets to the destination with an initial TTL … Read more
A Bluetooth system operates by utilizing radio waves in the 2.4 GHz frequency band to create a short-range wireless network between devices. It allows for communication and data exchange over distances up to approximately 10 meters, depending on the Bluetooth class and environmental conditions. Devices equipped with Bluetooth technology can connect and interact with each … Read more
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) works by establishing a reliable and ordered communication channel between two devices over a network. It operates at the transport layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite and ensures that data transmitted between sender and receiver arrives intact and in the correct sequence. TCP achieves this reliability through mechanisms such as sequence … Read more
The steps of an SMTP transaction involve the following sequence: the client connects to the SMTP server, the client sends a HELO or EHLO command to identify itself, the server responds with a greeting message, the client sends the MAIL FROM command to specify the sender’s email address, the server acknowledges this, the client sends … Read more
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) operates through several stages to establish and maintain routing within a network. These stages include: Neighbor Discovery, where routers discover OSPF neighbors using Hello packets; Router LSA Origination, where routers generate Link State Advertisements (LSAs) describing their directly connected links; LSA flooding, where LSAs are propagated throughout the OSPF domain … Read more
The normal operation of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) ensures a loop-free topology in Ethernet networks. STP identifies and blocks redundant paths that could cause network loops, allowing only one active path between network devices. It dynamically adjusts to network topology changes by re-calculating the tree and updating the status of ports to maintain network stability … Read more
A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, is a technology that establishes a secure and encrypted connection between a user’s device (such as a computer, smartphone, or tablet) and a remote server or network. This connection is typically made over the internet, allowing users to access resources and transmit data securely as if they were directly … Read more
An LDAP role refers to a specific set of permissions or capabilities assigned to a user or a group of users within an LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) directory service. Roles define what actions users can perform and what data they can access within the directory structure. Roles are typically defined based on organizational requirements … Read more
TLS, or Transport Layer Security, is a cryptographic protocol designed to provide secure communication over a computer network. It ensures data privacy, integrity, and authentication between client-server applications, such as web browsers and servers, email clients and servers, and other types of network services. TLS operates at the transport layer of the OSI model, securing … Read more