SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) works by establishing an encrypted link between a client (such as a web browser) and a server (such as a website). This encryption ensures that all data transmitted between the client and server remains private and secure. The SSL protocol uses cryptographic algorithms to encrypt data during transmission, preventing unauthorized parties … Read more
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless and unreliable transport protocol used in networking. It operates at the transport layer of the TCP/IP model and is often contrasted with TCP (Transmission Control Protocol). UDP works by transmitting data packets, known as datagrams, between applications without establishing a dedicated end-to-end connection. Unlike TCP, UDP does not … Read more
Assessing the current environment is the first step in cloud migration. This involves understanding existing infrastructure, applications, and dependencies to determine suitability for migration. Planning the migration strategy comes next. This includes selecting the appropriate cloud service model (IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS) and cloud provider, as well as outlining a detailed migration plan with timelines … Read more
Traceroute works by leveraging the TTL (Time-to-Live) field in IP packets and ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) messages to map the network path from a source to a destination. When traceroute is executed with a destination IP address or hostname, it begins by sending ICMP Echo Request packets to the destination with an initial TTL … Read more
A Bluetooth system operates by utilizing radio waves in the 2.4 GHz frequency band to create a short-range wireless network between devices. It allows for communication and data exchange over distances up to approximately 10 meters, depending on the Bluetooth class and environmental conditions. Devices equipped with Bluetooth technology can connect and interact with each … Read more
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) works by establishing a reliable and ordered communication channel between two devices over a network. It operates at the transport layer of the TCP/IP protocol suite and ensures that data transmitted between sender and receiver arrives intact and in the correct sequence. TCP achieves this reliability through mechanisms such as sequence … Read more
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and how web servers and browsers respond to various commands. HTTP operates over TCP/IP, typically using port 80 for unencrypted connections and port 443 for encrypted connections (HTTPS). It enables clients … Read more
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) works by adding a label (or tag) to data packets, allowing routers to make forwarding decisions based on these labels rather than IP addresses. This label acts as a virtual circuit identifier, enabling routers to establish predetermined paths (label-switched paths, LSPs) through the network. MPLS operates between Layer 2 (Data Link … Read more
The normal operation of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) ensures a loop-free topology in Ethernet networks. STP identifies and blocks redundant paths that could cause network loops, allowing only one active path between network devices. It dynamically adjusts to network topology changes by re-calculating the tree and updating the status of ports to maintain network stability … Read more
A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, is a technology that establishes a secure and encrypted connection between a user’s device (such as a computer, smartphone, or tablet) and a remote server or network. This connection is typically made over the internet, allowing users to access resources and transmit data securely as if they were directly … Read more