Three common mail protocols used for email communication are SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol), and POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3). SMTP is responsible for sending outgoing email messages from a sender’s email client or server to the recipient’s email server. It operates on port 25 (or port 587 for … Read more
There are three main types of servers: file servers, which store and manage files accessible to network users; application servers, which host and deliver applications to client computers or devices over a network; and database servers, which manage and store databases, allowing clients to retrieve and manipulate data. Servers can be categorized into various types … Read more
Zigbee is a wireless communication protocol designed for low-power, low-data-rate applications such as wireless sensor networks and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. It operates on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and uses the 2.4 GHz frequency band (in most regions) for communication. Zigbee forms a mesh network where devices can communicate directly with each other or … Read more
A server plays a crucial role in computing by providing centralized resources and services to client computers or devices within a network. It is a dedicated computer or software system designed to respond to requests from clients and facilitate data sharing, communication, and resource management. Servers are typically more powerful and equipped with specialized hardware … Read more
LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) and CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) are both protocols used for network device discovery and management, but they differ in their implementations and vendor support. LLDP is an open standard protocol defined by the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) and is vendor-neutral, making it compatible with devices from various … Read more
SMB, work environments, refers to Server Message Block, a network communication protocol primarily used for sharing files, printers, and other resources between computers on a network. It facilitates seamless data transfer and resource sharing within organizations, enabling users to access and collaborate on files stored on shared drives, servers, or network-attached storage (NAS) devices. SMB … Read more
WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) and WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) are security protocols used to secure wireless networks. WPA2 has been the standard for many years and provides strong encryption and authentication methods to protect Wi-Fi networks from unauthorized access and attacks. It uses the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) protocol for encryption and provides … Read more
The SMB (Server Message Block) protocol is used primarily for sharing files, printers, and other resources between computers on a network. It enables seamless communication and data transfer between client devices (such as computers, printers) and SMB servers, facilitating collaborative work environments where users can access and manipulate shared files stored on networked devices. SMB … Read more
WPA2 is used to secure Wi-Fi networks by providing encryption and authentication mechanisms that prevent unauthorized access to network communications. It ensures that data transmitted wirelessly between devices and the Wi-Fi access point is encrypted, thereby protecting sensitive information such as passwords, credit card details, and personal data from being intercepted by unauthorized users. When … Read more
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is a network protocol used for sending error messages and operational information indicating issues encountered during data transmission. It operates at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model and is primarily used by network devices, such as routers and switches, to communicate status and error information. ICMP messages … Read more