The most secure transfer protocol is HTTPS, which encrypts data transferred over the internet using SSL/TLS encryption. The most secure File Transfer Protocol is SFTP, which provides secure file transfer and remote file system management capabilities over SSH. The safest FTP protocol in terms of security is FTPS (FTP over SSL/TLS), which adds encryption to … Read more
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) primarily functions as a protocol for transferring and accessing resources on the World Wide Web. It enables communication between web clients (such as web browsers) and web servers, allowing users to retrieve web pages, images, videos, and other resources from remote servers. HTTP facilitates the exchange of information over the internet … Read more
The function of the NTP (Network Time Protocol) protocol is to synchronize the time of computer systems over a network. It ensures that all devices within a network agree on the current time, which is crucial for maintaining consistency in operations, logging events accurately, and coordinating tasks that require synchronized timing across distributed systems. NTP … Read more
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) operates as a fundamental protocol in computer networking to resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses for communication within a local network. There are no different types of ARP protocols; instead, ARP itself encompasses various operations and techniques used in network communication. The four main types of ARP are ARP request, ARP … Read more
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) in CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) refers to a network protocol used to prevent loops in Ethernet networks, which can occur when there are redundant paths between switches. In CCNA studies, understanding STP is crucial as it helps network administrators ensure network stability and prevent broadcast storms that can degrade network … Read more
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) is a protocol used in computer networking to map IP addresses to MAC addresses. When a device wants to communicate with another device on the same network, it needs the MAC address of the destination device. ARP allows the requesting device to broadcast an ARP request packet containing the IP address … Read more
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is a network protocol used to prevent loops in Ethernet networks by creating a loop-free logical topology. There are primarily two types of STP: STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) and RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol). STP, based on IEEE 802.1D standard, operates by electing a root bridge, determining the shortest paths to … Read more
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) headers typically consist of eight bytes. Within these headers, ICMP includes specific fields such as type, code, checksum, and additional data depending on the type of ICMP message. These headers are crucial for network diagnostics and error reporting. ICMP headers do not directly contain TCP/IP headers. ICMP operates as a … Read more
Netstat is a command-line tool available on various operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and Unix-like systems. It is used to display network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships. Netstat provides valuable information such as active TCP connections, UDP ports in use, listening ports, routing table entries, and network interface statistics. This … Read more
LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) in Cisco networking is a vendor-neutral protocol used to discover and advertise network device capabilities and connections within a local area network (LAN). It operates at the data link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model and facilitates automatic discovery of neighboring network devices, including switches, routers, and access points. … Read more