Network

Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool that traces the route that packets take from a source device to a specified destination, such as an IP address or hostname. It accomplishes this by sending packets with incrementally increasing Time-to-Live (TTL) values, forcing each router along the path to send back ICMP TTL exceeded messages. Traceroute then … Read more

Jitter in real time refers to the variability in the time delay experienced in transmitting data packets over a network. In real-time systems, such as video conferencing, online gaming, or VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) calls, jitter can cause disruptions because these applications rely on a consistent stream of data. Variability in packet arrival times … Read more

Latency about internet refers to the time it takes for a data packet to travel from the source to the destination and back. It is often called “ping” and is measured in milliseconds (ms). High latency can result in delays, affecting real-time applications like gaming, video conferencing, and VoIP calls by causing lag and interruptions. … Read more

IP addressing refers to the method of assigning unique identifiers to devices on a network using the Internet Protocol (IP). This system allows devices to communicate with each other by providing a way to locate and identify each device within a network. IP addressing involves the use of numerical labels, which are structured to include … Read more

Subnetting is used to divide a larger network into smaller, more manageable subnetworks or subnets. This process helps organize and allocate IP addresses more efficiently, reduces network congestion, and improves security by isolating different segments of a network. Subnetting allows for better utilization of IP address space and enhances the performance of the network by … Read more

A subnet works by dividing a larger network into smaller, more manageable segments. Each subnet operates as a distinct network within the larger network, with a unique range of IP addresses. Devices within the same subnet can communicate directly with each other, while communication between different subnets requires routing. Subnetting involves creating subnet masks to … Read more

Zero Trust and VPN are both approaches to securing network communications but differ significantly in their principles and implementation: Zero Trust focuses on the principle of not trusting any entity or device by default, whether inside or outside the network perimeter. It assumes that threats could originate from both internal and external sources and requires … Read more

Benefits of Zero Trust Network: Zero Trust networks offer several benefits, including enhanced security, improved visibility, and better control over network access. By implementing strict authentication and authorization measures for every user, device, and application attempting to access network resources, Zero Trust reduces the risk of unauthorized access and potential breaches. It promotes a proactive … Read more

Main Goal of Zero Trust: The main goal of Zero Trust is to enhance network security by challenging the traditional security model that assumes trust based on network location or perimeter defenses. Instead of implicitly trusting devices and users inside a defined network perimeter, Zero Trust promotes the concept of “never trust, always verify.” This … Read more

Benefits of TACACS+: TACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) offers several benefits for managing network security and access control. One key advantage is its centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) framework, which allows organizations to consolidate user management and access policies across multiple devices and services. TACACS+ provides robust security features, including encryption of … Read more