A subnet works by dividing a larger network into smaller, more manageable segments. Each subnet operates as a distinct network within the larger network, with a unique range of IP addresses. Devices within the same subnet can communicate directly with each other, while communication between different subnets requires routing. Subnetting involves creating subnet masks to identify the network and host portions of IP addresses, enabling the proper routing of traffic within and between subnets.
Subnet numbers work by defining the specific range of IP addresses allocated to each subnet. These numbers are derived from the IP address and the subnet mask, which together specify the network and host portions of the address. The subnet number is calculated by performing a bitwise AND operation between the IP address and the subnet mask, resulting in the network identifier for that subnet. This allows routers and devices to determine whether an IP address belongs to a particular subnet.
To work out a subnet, you need to determine the appropriate subnet mask for your network requirements. Start by identifying the number of subnets needed and the number of hosts per subnet. Calculate the subnet mask by borrowing bits from the host portion of the IP address to create the desired number of subnets. Apply the subnet mask to the IP address to determine the network and broadcast addresses for each subnet. This process involves binary arithmetic to ensure accurate segmentation of the IP address space.
Subnets talk to each other through routers, which are devices designed to forward traffic between different subnets. When a device in one subnet needs to communicate with a device in another subnet, the data packets are sent to a router. The router examines the destination IP address, determines the appropriate subnet, and forwards the packets accordingly. This process is known as routing and ensures that data reaches the correct destination across different subnets.
Subnets are assigned by network administrators based on the specific needs and structure of the network. The assignment involves determining the overall network address and the subnet mask to be used. The network address is divided into smaller subnet addresses by applying the subnet mask, creating a range of IP addresses for each subnet. Network administrators allocate these subnets to different segments of the network, ensuring efficient use of IP address space and optimal network performance.
