The Reflection Attenuator conversion calculator determines the two resistor values required for a reflection attenuator network. This type of attenuator provides a precise level of attenuation while maintaining impedance matching, making it ideal for RF calibration, testing, and controlled signal level adjustment. Formulas R1(Ω) < Zo = Zo * [ (10^(dB/20) – 1) / (10^(dB/20) … Read more
The Bridged Tee Attenuator conversion calculator determines the resistor values needed to design a bridged tee attenuator for a given impedance and desired attenuation. This network is often used in RF and microwave circuits to reduce signal levels while maintaining constant impedance across the input and output ports. Formulas R1(Ω) = Z0 * [10^(dB/20) – … Read more
The Parabolic Reflector Antenna Gain conversion calculator determines the gain of a parabolic dish antenna based on its diameter and operating frequency. It helps engineers estimate how efficiently the antenna focuses energy into a narrow beam, which is critical for satellite, radar, and microwave communication systems. Formulas Gain (dB) = 10 * log10[ 6 * … Read more
The Antenna Power Density conversion calculator determines the power density at a given distance from an antenna based on transmitted power, antenna gain, and distance. It helps engineers evaluate electromagnetic exposure, link budget, and radiation safety levels for RF systems. Formula S = (P * G) / (4 * π * R²) Formula Explanation S … Read more
The Antenna Near Field and Far Field Distance conversion calculator determines the boundaries between the reactive near field, radiating near field (Fresnel region), and far field regions based on antenna size and operating frequency. Understanding these distances is essential for antenna measurements, placement, and performance evaluation in RF design. Formulas λ = c / f … Read more
This calculator converts the power ratio between output and input power into decibels (dB). It is commonly used to express amplifier gain or attenuation in RF systems. Formula RatiodB = 10 × log10(Pout / Pin) Parameters Pout = Output power (in Watts or milliwatts) Pin = Input power (in Watts or milliwatts) RatiodB = Power … Read more
This calculator determines the total insertion loss in an N-way power divider, including both the theoretical power split loss and any additional path loss per output. It helps RF engineers estimate total signal loss when splitting power among multiple outputs. Formulas LossN = 10 × log10(N) Losstotal = LossN + Losspath Parameters N = Number … Read more
This calculator determines the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) from the measured forward and reflected power in an RF transmission line. VSWR is a measure of how efficiently power is transmitted from a source to a load, with a value of 1 indicating perfect matching (no reflection). Formula VSWR = (1 + √(Pr / Pf)) … Read more
The Noise Temperature to Noise Figure Converter calculates the noise figure (NF) in decibels (dB) from a given noise temperature (TNoise) in Kelvin. This relationship helps translate the thermal noise performance of a device into a standard noise figure value used in RF system design and analysis. Formula NF(dB) = 10 × log10( (TNoise / … Read more
The dBm to dBµV Conversion Calculator converts a power level expressed in dBm (decibel-milliwatts) to an equivalent voltage level in dBµV (decibel-microvolts). This conversion is commonly used in RF, cable TV, and EMC measurements to relate signal power to voltage across a defined impedance. Formula dBµV = dBm + 90 + 20 × log10(√Z0) Formula … Read more