Noise Factor to Noise Figure Formula NF(dB) = 10 × log₁₀(F) Formula Explanation This Noise Factor conversion calculator converts the linear noise factor (F) of a system into the noise figure (NF) in decibels. The noise factor represents the degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio caused by the components in a system. By applying a logarithmic … Read more
Delta to Wye Conversion Formula The Delta to Wye conversion calculator transforms a three-phase delta network into an equivalent Wye network. The formula calculates each Wye resistance based on the delta resistances Ra, Rb, and Rc. R1 = (Rb × Rc) / (Ra + Rb + Rc) R2 = (Ra × Rc) / (Ra + … Read more
Formula for Wye/Star to Delta Conversion The Wye/Star to Delta conversion calculator uses the following formulas to convert three resistances in a Wye (Star) configuration (R1, R2, R3) into the equivalent Delta resistances (Ra, Rb, Rc): Ra = R1 + R2 + (R1 × R2) / R3 Rb = R2 + R3 + (R2 × … Read more
Microstrip Patch Antenna Formula The Microstrip Patch Antenna conversion calculator estimates the width (W) and length (L) of a rectangular patch antenna based on dielectric properties, substrate height, and resonant frequency. Width (W): W = (c / (2 × f₀)) × √(2 / (εᵣ + 1)) Effective dielectric constant: ε_eff = (εᵣ + 1)/2 + … Read more
Pi Attenuator Calculator Formula The Pi Attenuator Calculator computes the resistor values for a Pi-type attenuator using the following formulas: R1 = Z₀ × (K + 1) / (K – 1) R2 = Z₀ × (K² – 1) / (2 × K) where K = 10^(A / 20), A is the desired attenuation in dB, … Read more
Formula for EIRP conversion calculator The EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) can be calculated using the following formula: EIRP(dBm) = Transmit Power (dBm) – Total Loss (dB) + Antenna Gain (dBi) Formula Explanation This formula calculates the effective isotropic radiated power of a transmitter. The transmit power is first converted to dBm if it is … Read more
Free Space Path Loss Formula FSPL(dB) = 20 log10(d) + 20 log10(f) + 92.45 – Gtx – Grx Formula Explanation This Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) conversion calculator estimates the loss of signal strength over a clear line-of-sight path. The formula uses distance (d) in kilometers, frequency (f) in GHz, and subtracts the transmitting (Gtx) … Read more
LC Circuit Resonant Frequency Formula The LC Circuit Resonant Frequency conversion calculator determines the natural oscillation frequency of an LC circuit using the following formula: f = 1 / (2π × √(L × C)) Formula Explanation In this formula, L represents the inductance in henries, and C represents the capacitance in farads. The resonant frequency … Read more
Skin Depth Formula The Skin Depth conversion calculator uses the formula: δ = √(ρ / (π × f × μ₀ × μr)) Formula Explanation This formula calculates the skin depth δ, which represents the depth at which electromagnetic waves penetrate a conductor. Here, ρ is the resistivity of the material in ohm-meters, f is the … Read more
VSWR Calculator Formula The VSWR Calculator determines key parameters of a transmission line based on the input VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio). The main formulas used are: Reflection Coefficient (Γ) = (VSWR – 1) / (VSWR + 1) Return Loss (RL) = -20 × log10(Γ) Mismatch Loss (ML) = -10 × log10(1 – Γ²) Formula … Read more